We have designed and developed a simple, visual, and narrative K-12 cybersecurity curriculum leveraging the Scratch programming platform to demonstrate and teach fundamental cybersecurity concepts such as confidentiality, integrity protection, and authentication. The visual curriculum simulates a real-world scenario of a user and a bank performing a bank transaction and an adversary attempting to attack the transaction. We have designed six visual scenarios, the curriculum first introduces students to three visual scenarios demonstrating attacks that exist when systems do not integrate concepts such as confidentiality, integrity protection, and authentication. Then, it introduces them to three visual scenarios that build on the attacks to demonstrate and teach how these fundamental concepts can be used to defend against them. We conducted an evaluation of our curriculum through a study with 18 middle and high school students. To evaluate the student's comprehension of these concepts we distributed a technical survey, where overall average of students answering these questions related to the demonstrated concepts is 9.28 out of 10. Furthermore, the survey results revealed that 66.7% found the system extremely easy and the remaining 27.8% found it easy to use and understand.

The world continues to experience a shortage of skilled cybersecurity personnel. The widely accepted solution for reducing this gap is raising awareness about cybersecurity. In response, many schools are integrating cybersecurity into the K-12 curriculum. Also, educational initiatives from the National Initiative for Cybersecurity Education, GenCyber, and the CryptoClub project enable universities to provide enrichment to middle- and high-school students regarding the importance of cybersecurity. Unfortunately, there is currently an absence of visual and straightforward tools that limits the feasibility of hands-on practice during these initiatives. This paper presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of a new framework called CryptoScratch, which extends the Scratch programming environment with modern cryptographic algorithms (e.g., AES, RSA, SHA-256) implemented as visual blocks. Using the simple interface of CryptoScratch, K-12 students can study how to use cryptographic algorithms for services like confidentiality, authentication, and integrity protection; and then use these blocks to build complex modern cryptographic schemes (e.g., Pretty Good Privacy, Digital Signatures). In addition, we present the design and implementation of a Task Block that provides students instruction on various cryptography problems and verifies that they have successfully completed the problem. The task block also generates feedback, nudging learners to implement more secure solutions for cryptographic problems. An initial usability study was performed with 16 middle-school students where students were taught basic cryptographic concepts and then asked to complete tasks using those concepts. Once students had knowledge of a variety of basic cryptographic algorithms, they were asked to use those algorithms to implement complex cryptographic schemes such as Pretty Good Privacy and Digital Signatures. Using the successful implementation of the cryptographic and task blocks in Scratch, the initial testing indicated that $\approx 60\%$ of the students could quickly grasp and implement complex cryptography concepts using CryptoScratch, while $\approx 90\%$ showed comfort with cryptography concepts and use-cases. Based on the positive results from the initial testing, a larger study of students is being developed to investigate the effectiveness across the socioeconomic spectrum.

We have implemented a novel framework called CryptoScratch for teaching cryptography using the widely available Scratch platform. CryptoScratch enables K-12 students to learn how to use cryptographic algorithms such as AES, RSA, and SHA2 and combine these algorithms to build complex modern cryptographic schemes such as Digital Signatures and Pretty Good Privacy. CryptoScratch implements the algorithms as intuitive visual blocks abstracting away the mathematical and technical details of the algorithms. This poster discusses the implementation of CryptoScratch and how using these blocks can help students develop and understand the importance of cryptography in their digital lives.

This paper proposes a framework for mobile nursing documentation enabling the integration of clinical intervention data with both electronic health record systems and real-time intelligent decision support systems for patient monitoring. A brief discussion on the networking and information security concerns is presented in order to provide context for the mobile application design decisions surround data transmission and storage. The framework is demonstrated using an initial case study in a neonatal intensive care unit.