Background: To ensure the quality, dependability, and optimal functioning of software systems, software defect detection (SDD) is a crucial component of software development. Conventional techniques frequently depend on single-modal data sources, which might restrict the range and efficiency of fault identification. Aim: This research investigates the importance of AI-based multimodality, which combines and examines a range of data sources, including source code, design documents, execution logs, and test results. Multimodal frameworks can detect correlations, process complex and diverse data sources, and offer a comprehensive knowledge of software behaviour by utilising artificial intelligence (AI). This capability allows for more comprehensive and precise defect detection at different levels of software development, from design and implementation to testing and deployment. Moreover, AI-based multimodality enables proactive defect prevention techniques, strengthens fault prediction, and advances root cause investigation. Methods: In this context, this study demonstrates how multimodal approaches can revolutionise SDD by tackling the drawbacks of unimodal approaches in the software industry. Results: In addition to demonstrating its effectiveness in comparison to conventional methodologies, it analyses the difficulties in implementing AI-based SDD using multimodality. Conclusion: Further, this paper highlights the implications of AI-based multimodality for producing software systems that are dependable, efficient, and of high quality.

Technology has the potential to enhance the effectiveness of the teaching and learning process.With the integration of technological resources, educators can create dynamic and interactive learning environments that offer diverse learning methods.With the help of these resources, students may be able to understand any topic deeply.Incorporating humanoid robots provides a valuable approach that combines the benefits of technology with the personal touch of human interaction.The role of speech is important in education; students might face challenges due to accent and auditory problems.The display of the text on the robot's screen can be beneficial for students to understand the speech better.In the present study, our objective is to integrate speech transcription with the humanoid robot Pepper and to explore its performance as an educational assistant in online and offline modes of teaching.The findings of this study suggest that Pepper's speech recognition system is a suitable candidate for both modes of teaching, regardless of the participant's gender.We expect that integrating humanoid robots into education may lead to more adaptive and efficient teaching and learning, resulting in improved learning outcomes and a richer educational experience.

A large part of the software produced by many companies and organizations today are web applications. Testing web applications is vital to ensure and maintain the quality of these systems. They play an important role to promote brands and enable better communication with customers. There is a gap in existing literature research in recent years regarding testing of web applications, although the landscape of web applications techniques has changed. New methods, frameworks, environments and techniques have recently been used both for developing and testing these applications. This paper presents an overview of the research directions, problems and challenges in the field of Web application testing in the last decade. Our paper investigates current implementation and validation techniques, the quality of existing approaches and reveals areas of incomplete or superficial research. In this paper, a systematic literature review about the state of web application testing has been conducted. Based on initially about 6000 papers, that were extracted from Science Direct, Springer Link, WebOfScience, IEEE Explore and ACM, we used a final number of 72 papers after a filtration process for this literature review. The extracted papers were examined for demographics, problems, techniques and tools. We looked at the quality, the empirical evidence and the test application used for validating the different methods in the extracted papers. The most important journals, authors, tools and research directions in this field are discovered, a deep analysis of quality, rigor and empirical evidence is given, and the most important validation applications are described. We found that three groups of authors contributed to more than 25 % of the papers, the three most important journals published more than 50 % of the papers. 30 % of the developed tools were open accessible. Most papers had a good description of study design and threats for validity, but have little industrial relevance. Only 6 papers validated on industrial applications. Only 40% of these papers compared their technique with other existing techniques, and applications used for validation are usually outdated. We discuss trends and challenges in research in web application testing. We also show gaps in research and areas that need more attention from the research community. Research in web application testing needs more focus on industrial relevance and scalability to analyze the usability for industry. New techniques should be validated on modern test application frameworks to get comparable results. The results can help researchers to get an overview of publication venues, active researchers, current research gaps and problems in the field.

Global software engineering (GSE) courses traditionally require cooperation between at least two universities so as to provide a distributed development environment to the students. In this study, we explore an alternative way to organize a global software engineering course where students work on open source software development (OSSD) projects rather than in a multi-university collaboration setting. The results show that the new setup may provide core GSE challenges as well as challenges associated with software development outsourcing and challenges related to working on large open source software. The present article compares the experiences gained from running a combined GSE and OSSD course against the experiences gained from running a traditional GSE course. The two alternatives are compared in terms of students’ learning outcomes and course organization. The authors found that a combined GSE and OSSD course provides learning opportunities that are partly overlapping with, and partly complementary to, a traditional GSE course. The authors also found that the combined OSSD and GSE course was somewhat easier to organize because most of the activities took place in a single university setting. The authors used the extended GSE taxonomy for the comparison and found it to be a useful tool for this, although it had some limitations in expressive power. Therefore, two additional relationship dimensions are proposed that will further enrich the extended taxonomy in classifying GSE (and OSSD) projects.

It is important to identify modules that are fault prone or exhibit evidence of high cognitive complexity as these modules require corrective actions such as increased source code inspection, refactoring or performing more exhaustive testing. This ca

Abstract The Agile Software Development paradigm has become increasingly popular in the last few years, since it claims lower costs, better productivity, better quality and better business satisfaction. Supply chain management (SCM) is a complex software development project. Owing to its scope and uncertain, complex and unstable requirements, it is not possible to develop it with predictable software development process models. Agile methodologies are targeted toward such kinds of problems that involve change and uncertainty, and are adaptive rather than predictive. How an agile process is introduced will significantly impact the implementation success of the process change. The objective of this paper is to analyze the agile development methodologies and management approach used in developing a complex software project. This further demonstrates how to overcome risks and barriers in each development phase of such complex inventive software projects. It also provides a set of guidelines regarding how the agile methodologies can be adopted, combined and used in these kinds of complex software projects. These findings have implications for software engineers and managers developing software by agile methods. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.