Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used across various domains, but deploying them in cloud data centers often leads to significant response delays and high costs, undermining Quality of Service (QoS) at the network edge. Although caching LLM request results at the edge using vector databases can greatly reduce response times and costs for similar requests, this approach has been overlooked in prior research. To address this, we propose a novelVector database-assisted cloud-Edge collaborativeLLM QoSOptimization (VELO) framework that caches LLM request results at the edge using vector databases, thereby reducing response times for subsequent similar requests. Unlike methods that modify LLMs directly, VELO leaves the LLM's internal structure intact and is applicable to various LLMs. Building on VELO, we formulate the QoS optimization problem as a Markov Decision Process (MDP) and design an algorithm based on Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL). Our algorithm employs a diffusion-based policy network to extract the LLM request features, determining whether to request the LLM in the cloud or retrieve results from the edge's vector database. Implemented in a real edge system, our experimental results demonstrate that VELO significantly enhances user satisfaction by simultaneously reducing delays and resource consumption for edge users of LLMs. Our DLRS algorithm improves performance by 15.0% on average for similar requests and by 14.6% for new requests compared to the baselines.

The Large Language Model (LLM) has gained significant popularity and is extensively utilized across various domains. Most LLM deployments occur within cloud data centers, where they encounter substantial response delays and incur high costs, thereby impacting the Quality of Services (QoS) at the network edge. Leveraging vector database caching to store LLM request results at the edge can substantially mitigate response delays and cost associated with similar requests, which has been overlooked by previous research. Addressing these gaps, this paper introduces a novel Vector database-assisted cloud-Edge collaborative LLM QoS Optimization (VELO) framework. Firstly, we propose the VELO framework, which ingeniously employs vector database to cache the results of some LLM requests at the edge to reduce the response time of subsequent similar requests. Diverging from direct optimization of the LLM, our VELO framework does not necessitate altering the internal structure of LLM and is broadly applicable to diverse LLMs. Subsequently, building upon the VELO framework, we formulate the QoS optimization problem as a Markov Decision Process (MDP) and devise an algorithm grounded in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) to decide whether to request the LLM in the cloud or directly return the results from the vector database at the edge. Moreover, to enhance request feature extraction and expedite training, we refine the policy network of MARL and integrate expert demonstrations. Finally, we implement the proposed algorithm within a real edge system. Experimental findings confirm that our VELO framework substantially enhances user satisfaction by concurrently diminishing delay and resource consumption for edge users utilizing LLMs.

Facial video big sensor data (BSD) is the core data of wireless sensor network industry application and technology research. It plays an important role in many industries, such as urban safety management, unmanned driving, senseless attendance, and venue management. The construction of video big sensor data security application and intelligent algorithm model has become a hot and difficult topic in related fields based on facial expression recognition. This paper focused on the experimental analysis of Cohn–Kanade dataset plus (CK+) dataset with frontal pose and great clarity. Firstly, face alignment and the selection of peak image were utilized to preprocess the expression sequence. Then, the output vector from convolution network 1 and β-VAE were connected proportionally and input to support vector machine (SVM) classifier to complete facial expression recognition. The testing accuracy of the proposed model in CK + dataset can reach 99.615%. The number of expression sequences involved in training was 2417, and the number of expression sequences in testing was 519.