Vision-language models (VLMs) as foundation models have significantly enhanced performance across a wide range of visual and textual tasks, without requiring large-scale training from scratch for downstream tasks. However, these deterministic VLMs fail to capture the inherent ambiguity and uncertainty in natural language and visual data. Recent probabilistic post-hoc adaptation methods address this by mapping deterministic embeddings onto probability distributions; however, existing approaches do not account for the asymmetric uncertainty between modalities, and the constraint that meaningful deterministic embeddings reside on a unit hypersphere, potentially leading to suboptimal performance. In this paper, we address the asymmetric uncertainty structure inherent in textual and visual data, and propose AsymVLM to build probabilistic embeddings from pre-trained VLMs on the unit hypersphere, enabling uncertainty quantification. We validate the effectiveness of the probabilistic embeddings on established benchmarks, and present comprehensive ablation studies demonstrating the inherent nature of asymmetry in the uncertainty structure of textual and visual data.

Historical handwritten text recognition is an interesting yet challenging problem. In recent times, deep learning based methods have achieved significant performance in handwritten text recognition. However, handwriting recognition using deep learning needs training data, and often, text must be previously segmented into lines (or even words). These limitations constrain the application of HTR techniques in document collections, because training data or segmented words are not always available. Therefore, this paper proposes a training-free and segmentation-free word spotting approach that can be applied in unconstrained scenarios. The proposed word spotting framework is based on document query word expansion and relaxed feature matching algorithm, which can easily be parallelised. Since handwritten words posses distinct shape and characteristics, this work uses a combination of different keypoint detectors and Fourier-based descriptors to obtain a sufficient degree of relaxed matching. The effectiveness of the proposed method is empirically evaluated on well-known benchmark datasets using standard evaluation measures. The use of informative features along with query expansion significantly contributed in efficient performance of the proposed method.

Computation of document image quality metrics often depends upon the availability of a ground truth image corresponding to the document. This limits the applicability of quality metrics in applications such as hyperparameter optimization of image processing algorithms that operate on-the-fly on unseen documents. This work proposes the use of surrogate models to learn the behavior of a given document quality metric on existing datasets where ground truth images are available. The trained surrogate model can later be used to predict the metric value on previously unseen document images without requiring access to ground truth images. The surrogate model is empirically evaluated on the Document Image Binarization Competition (DIBCO) and the Handwritten Document Image Binarization Competition (H-DIBCO) datasets.

Humans have the natural capabilities to perceive and anticipate actions of objects they interact with, including incidents happen within their neighborhood. These days, this important aspect of human perception has been widely incorporated in the computer vision framework to perform human action detection task. However, little attention is paid to the problem of detecting ongoing human actions as early as possible, which is crucial in a number of important applications ranging from video surveillance to health-care. In this paper, we propose a framework for detecting ongoing human actions as early as possible, i.e. detecting an action as soon as it begins, but before it completes. This is make possible with the used of Fuzzy Bandler and Kohout's sub-triangle product (BK subproduct) inference mechanism, utilizing the fuzzy capabilities in handling the arisen uncertainties during the human action recognition stage for a reliable decision making. Experimental results on publicly available dataset illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

In an attempt to incorporate user knowledge in order to decide about the equality of sets, the concepts of approximate equalities using rough sets were introduced. These notions have been generalised in several ways and very recently [1] extended four types of approximate equalities using rough fuzzy sets instead of only rough sets. To be precise, a concept of leveled approximate equality was introduced and properties were studied. In this paper we extend this work with case studies to illustrate the applications of the concepts and compare them respectively. We also introduce and discuss the rough measures of basic sets, fuzzy sets and interpret four types of approximate equalities in terms of the accuracy measure as well as rough measures. The analysis had provided a clear distinguish notion in terms of the measures.