Uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAV) are increasingly deployed to assist humans in diverse tasks, where understanding human intentions is critical to effective collaboration. Referring expression comprehension (REC) links language to visual targets, allowing UAV to recognize human-intended targets of interest, thereby supporting subsequent actions. However, existing REC research is almost exclusively confined to ground-based scenarios, leaving aerial scenarios largely unexplored. In this paper, we formally define UAV-based REC as a new research problem and highlight its unique challenges, including abundant background interference, small target size, and complex referring relations. To enable systematic study, we introduce SkyFind, a large-scale dataset with one million high-quality target-expression pairs, providing a solid foundation. In addition, we propose AerialREC, a baseline framework that reduces background interference in UAV imagery by searching for a potential target region before localization. We establish benchmark results on SkyFind using ten representative REC methods and validate the effectiveness of the AerialREC framework.

Concept personalization methods enable large text-to-image models to learn specific subjects (e.g., ob-jects/poses/3D models) and synthesize renditions in new contexts. Given that the image references are highly biased towards visual attributes, state-of-the-art personalization models tend to overfit the whole subject and cannot disentangle visual characteristics in pixel space. In this study, we proposed a more challenging setting, namely fine-grained visual appearance personalization. Different from existing methods, we allow users to provide a sentence describing the desired attributes. A novel decoupled self-augmentation strategy is proposed to generate target-related and non-target samples to learn user-specified visual attributes. These augmented data allow for refining the model's understanding of the target attribute while mitigating the impact of unrelated attributes. At the inference stage, adjustments are conducted on semantic space through the learned tar-get and non-target embeddings to further enhance the dis-entanglement of target attributes. Extensive experiments on various kinds of visual attributes with SOTA personalization methods show the ability of the proposed method to mimic target visual appearance in novel contexts, thus improving the controllability and flexibility of personalization. Project page: https://github.com/ICTMCG/U-VAP.