IEEE 802.22 is the first standard based on the concept of cognitive radio. It recommends collaborative spectrum sensing to avoid the unreliability of individual spectrum sensing while detecting primary user signals. However, it opens an opportunity for attackers to exploit the decision making process by sending false reports. In this paper, we address security issues regarding distributed node sensing in the 802.22 standard and discuss how attackers can modify or manipulate their sensing result independently or collaboratively. This problem is commonly known as spectrum sensing data falsification (SSDF) attack or Byzantine attack. To counter the different attacking strategies, we propose a reputation based clustering algorithm that does not require prior knowledge of attacker distribution or complete identification of malicious users. We provide an extensive probabilistic analysis of the performance of the algorithm. We compare the performance of our algorithm against existing approaches across a wide range of attacking scenarios. Our proposed algorithm displays a significantly reduced error rate in decision making in comparison to current methods. It also identifies a large portion of the attacking nodes and greatly minimizes the false detection rate of honest nodes.

In this paper, we exploit mutual cooperation between primary and secondary users to reduce delay in packet transmission in a cognitive network. More formally, we present a delay optimization problem based on the cooperation model and show that the problem is NP-Hard. The mutual benefit through cooperation is analyzed using a time dependent priority queueing system. Analytical simulation results are presented to validate the proposed cooperation model.