The article aims to identify students’ views on the possibilities of using modern information technology tools in prevention and health protection at the University of Economics in Katowice, divided into distinguished fields of study. The research tool was an electronically distributed survey questionnaire (Computer-Assisted Web Interview). The research was conducted in mid-2023. The obtained results were reduced to comparability by counting percentages in individual answers to questions. Urban and Euclidean distances were calculated to analyze the differences between fields of study. Additionally, a hypothesis was put forward about a statistically significant differentiation of the obtained answers. The measure was the right-sided F-Snedecor test. The presented results are part of the research on using modern IT tools to improve the functionality of the living conditions of society in healthcare. The results identify students’ views on the use of portals and mobile applications in the field of eHealth, while the thesis about significant differentiation was verified. The research sample of this study was based on a chosen university and people from Generation Z in the academic environment. Nevertheless, the conclusions presented may help shape the policy of building and using portals and Internet applications in prevention and health protection by students, potential future IT specialists, and companies involved in their construction and modification at present. The uniqueness of this study lies in its focus on the analysis of the views of a specific group of end users on the possibilities of using IT tools across the fields of study at the distinguished university.

The main purpose of the article is to establish the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method as an effective tool for evaluating e-banking websites from the user’s perspective, and to explore the adoption of criteria for validating the types of computer systems under study. The data was collected in late 2023 using the CAWI technique, which enables large-scale online surveys. The research employed the AHP method, which is used for hierarchical analysis of decision-making problems. Together with Promethee and Electre, this method is widely acknowledged as a leading approach to multi-criteria decision-making. The analysis revealed that the most highly rated e-banking services were the ones provided by mBank SA. However, the e-banking services offered by Bank Millennium SA and ING Bank Śląski SA also stand out in the analyses due to their high ratings and notable practical implications. In terms of the relevance of the criteria, the most important were account maintenance PLN/month and security, although interest rates on savings account and monthly card fee PLN/month were also deemed very important. The key theoretical implication of the research is the validation of the AHP method as an appropriate tool for analyzing e-banking services from the user perspective. The main practical implication is the formulation of relevant guidelines for designers of electronic banking services, indicating which features are most important to users of the type of computer systems examined. One limitation of the study is that it was conducted solely within an academic environment, which may restrict the generalizability of the findings. Future research should aim to broaden the methodological approach used to assess banking services, with the goal of identifying the most effective and user-friendly evaluation method.

The primary objective of this article is to attempt to assess the role of ICT in shaping more environmentally friendly and sustainable consumer behaviour in buying, selling, exchanging and recycling clothes, shoes and accessories. The research questions were related to the impact of ICT technologies, particularly mobile applications and websites offering vintage items, on the development of sustainable behaviour related to online shopping and increasing awareness regarding environmentally friendly consumer behaviour. This research problem is particularly relevant given the economic, energy, political and environmental crises in selected countries: Poland, Spain and Turkey. The comparison was made at the turn of December 2022 and January 2023, in the situation of a deepening economic crisis in the examined countries, stimulated by progressive political crises, inflation and the war in Ukraine. The data were collected using a survey distributed using CAWI (Computer-Assisted Website Interview) technique on the servers of the Faculty of Management of the University of Warsaw. In total, there were 353 respondents who completed the entire survey, out of which 114 survey participants were from Poland, 151 from Türkiye and 88 from Spain. The limitation of the work was that the survey was conducted with the participation of the representatives of an academic environment and the results were used for a comparison of only three selected countries. Nevertheless, its innovation consists in the fact that the authors compare, for the first time in the literature, the opinions of respondents on Internet applications concerning supporting and shaping more environmentally friendly and sustainable consumer behaviour in culturally diverse countries, under different crisis conditions. The results of the conducted survey concerning clothing and footwear consumption can be useful for practitioners to point to possible strategies to raise consumer awareness and shape more sustainable consumer behaviour in culturally diverse countries located in different geographical regions using ICT technologies.

The main purpose of this article is to compare the sensitivity of the weights of individual criteria in the assessment of the most popular banks' websites and the impact of the MCDA methods applied on the results of these assessments.The analysis was carried out for three selected, the most popular and different assessment methods: TOPSIS, VIKOR and PROMETHEE II.The evaluation of the websites was made on a sample of 350 bank customers, whose opinions were obtained using the CAWI method using a survey form.The survey made it possible to distinguish the 16 most popular banking services in this group, and only these banks were then evaluated.The survey questionnaire was obtained after verification of the pilot version created on the basis of previous research.The websites most known to the respondents were tested using three MDCA methods: TOPSIS, VIKOR, PROMETHEE II.The sensitivity of the results in each of the banks to the development of weights for 18 attributes (service evaluation criteria) was examined.The obtained results indicate the possibility of interchangeable use of the distinguished assessment methods, which may be helpful for business practitioners when analyzing and designing banking services.

The concept of power distance, one of Hofstede's cultural dimensions, is important from the perspective of influencing the behavior of societies and individuals. It also determines, to a certain degree, the successes and failures of companies. Consequently, ignoring cultural aspects, including power distance, in addressing management issues is a serious problem affecting organizational performance. In practice, however, unfortunately, it still often occurs. The aim of this study is to compare and assess the power distance index among representatives of academic communities of Türkiye and Poland (representatives of Generation Z) and to present conclusions and recommendations resulting from the research. The countries in which the comparative analysis was carried out were selected on the basis of significant cultural differences between them. In order to achieve the goal set out in the study, data were collected from representative samples of both communities (more than 430 people in total), and then power distance indices were calculated, assessed and interpreted using quantitative analysis methods. The data were collected at the turn of 2019/2020 with the application of the CAWI technique, and the online survey involved individuals belonging to Generation Z. The survey findings were first assessed in terms of demographic characteristics, and subsequently, power distance indices were established and compared between the two samples. It was found that there was a certain similarity in the values of the power distance index in both countries, with a higher ratio in the case of the Polish study participants. One of the limitations of the study was the size of the sample. However, it is important to indicate that the survey involved the most active representatives of Generation Z. The research into the power distance index in the regional analyses for Generation Z in crisis conditions: the COVID-19 pandemic, the highest inflation in this part of the world and a specific political situation (growing authoritarianism) may be seen as an undeniable achievement of the work. The study of power distance in times of crisis attempts to fill, at least to a certain degree, an existing research gap. The findings of this study may prove useful for business managers, especially in the context of international cooperation between Poland and Turkey. They may also be seen as an important source of new knowledge for researchers dealing with the impact of cultural factors on organizational management.

The main purpose of this article is to identify the determinants of Internet use in Poland in terms of its economic and social applications, from the perspective of the individual user. The survey was conducted in April 2022 in the academic environment using the CAWI method. The research sample consisted of 408 individuals. The survey was comprehensive and exploratory in nature since it was used to assess both the major trends and preferences regarding Internet-based activities such as shopping, learning or entertainment. Additional aspects being evaluated were respondents’ approaches to data privacy, cybersecurity and online marketing. The limitations of the study consisted in the fact that it was conducted in an academic setting, covered a wide range of topics (general assessment of digital consumer trends) and covered a transitional period where the present is difficult to evaluate and the future is difficult to predict. Nevertheless, its undoubted advantage and innovation is the determination of the status of work-life Internet use in early 2022. The study findings may be useful both as a prelude to expanding research in this direction and a source of useful knowledge for economic practitioners analyzing Internet use at the time which is described as “transitioning out of the COVID-19 pandemic phase”.

The main purpose of this article is to compare the dynamics of e-commerce development in selected countries: Poland, Turkey and PRC (People's Republic of China), from the point of view of an individual customer before and during the pandemic. The comparison was made for two periods: the first months of 2020 (before the COVID-19 pandemic) and the first months of 2021 (during the pandemic). The survey was conducted using the CAWI method. The study sample involved a total of 650 individuals. The differences obtained in examined countries were evaluated using Euclidean distance. It was hypothesized that there occurs a difference between the ratings of individual e-commerce criteria before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the course of the study, it has been proven that during the COVID-19 pandemic this difference decreases significantly, which indicates an increasing balance of e-commerce in selected countries around the world. The limitation of the study was the fact that it was conducted in an academic setting and - at this stage – it was limited to a comparison of results of research conducted in selected countries only. Nevertheless, its undoubted merit is that, for the first time, it compares the dynamics of e-commerce for countries in three regions of the world, and these countries differ considerably in terms of culture, economics and demographics. The results of this study show the place and role of e-commerce in facilitating accelerated growth, balancing its development on the path towards the creation of information society.

The main objective of the article is to analyze the possibility of using the authors’ own VES (variable elasticity of substitution) class function as a reference point to examine the adequacy of the use of multi-criteria analysis (MCDA) methods to make decisions during the evaluation and subsequently to select and evaluate websites in the electronic banking sector. The secondary goal is to identify the best e-banking websites in Poland in 2020 (during the Covid-19 pandemics) from the point of view of an individual client. Drawing on the previous experiences related to the VES function application and assessment of the internet banking sphere, the authors take hypothetical results from the VES function as a reference point and compare them with other selected methods: the scoring methods, the author’s own conversion method and the Promethee method. The data for the study are collected using an original questionnaire and verified during a pilot study. To participate in the survey, respondents had to visit a dedicated website containing a questionnaire and answer some additional questions concerning the relations between economic and technological attributes/criteria of the banking websites. The research sample included over 930 individuals from the academic environment, and the study was conducted in April 2020. The results obtained in the survey appear to be promising. The “ideal” VES function seems to be a very good reference point for the selected assessment methods. On this basis, the authors could determine which of the applied evaluation methods is the best in this case. Moreover, when analyzing the ranking of banks, it was found that economic criteria and some of the technological aspects such as the simplicity or intuitiveness of navigating the website or the number of access channels are the most important factors for customers when selecting e-banking services. The main implication for researchers is the possibility to use the VES function as a reference point for the assessment of MCDA methods, as evidenced in the course of the study. This function can also be applied for the evaluation of bank websites. However, there were two main areas of limitations of the present study. The first one concerned the subjective selection of parameters of the VES function. The second limitation was related to the selection of a research sample only from the academic community. Originality/value/contribution – The scope of this article fills the research gap that exists in terms of the methods applied in website assessment focusing on the selection of the best method to evaluate e-banking websites using the VES function. However, the VES function requires the estimation of parameters for the banking sphere on the basis of time series from recent years. Furthermore, it is recommended to expand the research sample to include the respondents who represent other demographic characteristics. The present article analyses the opinions of the academic community, and for this reason, the findings of the present study cannot be fully generalized.

The main objective of this article is to identify and compare the use of modern information technologies – especially smartphones and mobile applications - in an international environment. The authors carried out a comparative analysis of two countries, Poland and Turkey. The study was conducted simultaneously in both countries at the turn of 2019 and 2020. The scope of the analyses was limited to a selected group of over 614 people, the most active users of smartphones and mobile applications. The adopted research method was the CAWI - Computer Associated Web Interview method, previously verified by a randomly selected pilot sample. The authors compared the results obtained in Poland with the findings of the studies carried out in Turkey with special total indicator consist of City distance, Euclidean distance, Fisher-Snedecor inverse test and standard deviation between Polish and Turkish results. They showed that the opinions of users of smartphones and mobile applications in Poland differed from those expressed by their Turkish counterparts. The main implication for researchers is the identified level of development of the use of smartphones and mobile applications in Poland and Turkey and the differences between them. The main limitation of the conducted study was the selection of a random group - the research sample consisted only of members of the academic community. The scope of this article fills the gap related to quantitative-qualitative methods that exists in the area of methodology related to assessing and comparing the use of mobile devices and software. At the same time, it creates the basis for conducting further research on intercultural differences in the area of the use of modern information technologies.

The main objective of the article is the application and discussion concerning the selection of the best method to assess the quality of e-banking websites from the perspective of individual clients. The considerations were limited to the banking sector, the sector which is specific and unique in terms of the existence of many financial attributes which are interesting for the client. The same research sample was used to test six multi-criteria methods of website evaluation (a scoring method, a scoring method with preferences, conversion method, Promethee II, Promethee II with preferences and PROSA methods) for 22 of the most popular banks in Poland. The research was conducted in April 2019 on a sample of 276 respondents, and each of the survey participants evaluated three e-banking websites known to him or her. The results of the research were used to establish the ranking of selected e-banking websites, which are the summary of the results of the six applied methods. The authors also carried out the pilot study of the evaluation of methods from the point of view of the respondent. In order to achieve this goal, in the next section, the authors carried out the literature review, presented the methods and research procedure, the comparison and discussion of the obtained findings and conclusions. The limitations of the study were the research sample including the experienced, young people as well as reducing the options to the most popular methods. The continuation of the studies should take the direction of expanding the study sample, testing further methods of e-banking websites evaluation as well as further in-depth analyses carried out by means of these methods.

The main objective of the article is to determine the differences with regard to the identified attributes of electronic marketing in two selected countries, Poland and Turkey. Based on the experience of previous studies on the clients’ approach to e-marketing in Poland, the authors created a dedicated survey questionnaire, which was available simultaneously in the two countries concerned. Subsequently, they calculated the differences between particular e-marketing characteristics and, on this basis, drew conclusions from the study. No grounds were found to establish the existence of full globalisation in the electronic economy, in particular in electronic marketing. The studies were carried out in March 2019, and covered 360 respondents from the academic environment. The fundamental objective of the conducted research was to determine differences with regard to the perception of electronic marketing in the two countries in the light of the adopted measure, which is a combination of city-block distance, Euclidean distance and deviation from the average. The article aims to fill the research gap concerning the evaluation and comparison of applications of modern phenomena related to information technology in different regions of our globe. The first limitation of the article was that the research covered only the academic community. The second was non-inclusion in the study of cultural differences of potential influence on the analysed parameters. Further studies should therefore expand the research sample so as to make it more representative for the populations of the two countries and, in particular, to embrace the cultural differences.

The main aim of this article is to identify students' opinions concerning the place, role and influence of electronic marketing tools on making purchases on the Internet.The authors have applied the division of e-marketing into its traditional and electronic forms, on desktop computers and mobile devices, which was significant due to diversified opinions of clients concerning its use.The studies have been carried out with the application of a CAWI method examining a convenient, partially randomly selected sample of clients (students) who are the most active in the Internet.The studies were aimed at evaluating specific e-marketing media and techniques which, in the customers' view, influenced shopping on the Internet.In particular, the respondents commented on the advantages, disadvantages and benefits resulting from the application of e-marketing on mobile devices.The conclusions and recommendations from the study may contribute to better use of these factors in order to facilitate consumers' purchases, not only in the Internet.

The main objective of this article is to compare of the utility of the multi-criteria TOPSIS method with scoring method and scoring method with preferences.The data was taken from Poland banking sphere in 2017.e-Banking websites were assessed from the point of view of an individual client.e-Banking helps to strengthen the bank's position in a competitive market environment; therefore, the high quality of a website frequently plays a decisive role in the perception of a bank as an organization.In the research the authors have used a scoring method, a scoring method with preferences and -in order to verify the correctness of the results and compare them -the TOPSIS method.An additional problem which appeared in the course of the study was the questions of whether the sophisticated multi-criteria methods produce better quality results than simple methods based on a scoring evaluation.Subsequently, on the basis of the obtained findings, the authors have carried out comprehensive and multi-dimensional analyses and presented the conclusions and recommendations drawn on the basis of the aforementioned analyses.The authors' contribution to the research was specifying the criteria for the evaluation of the websites as the main indicators of the perception of the quality of websites, identifying the best e-banking websites and formulating conclusions that may become a starting point for creating an effective quality management systems of e-banking services.

The main purpose of this article is to identify the factors which influence the IT project management. It has been noted that in the practice of the implementation of IT projects there are large discrepancies in the approach to the implementation of IT project management. They result from the fact that experts and consultants were accustomed to applying previously used methods, their simple incompetence, convenience or lack of understanding of the essence of the need to manage IT projects. Among the selected group of specialists in this field and field consultants at the turn of 2016 and 2017, the CAWI method was used to study opinions on the use of project management techniques and processes in the implementation of IT projects. Then, based on the obtained results, the analyses were conducted, and relevant conclusions and recommendations resulting from the study were presented. The formulated conclusions may be the starting point for creating an effective quality management system for project management.

The main objective of this article is to identify the best e-banking websites in Poland in 2017 from the point of view of individual clients. The use of new ICT technology tools to contact e-banking customers creates a competitive advantage for the banks and presents the possibilities of providing banking services in the way which would be most convenient for the clients. The authors’ research examines the possibilities of the applications of the multi-criteria methods to evaluate e-banking websites in Poland. In the present study, the authors used the TOPSIS multi-criteria method. In order to obtain the data for the analysis, the authors’ created an electronic spreadsheet of evaluations which was made available on the Internet, and the participants for the study were selected with purposeful random sampling. Subsequently, on the basis of the obtained scores, the authors carried out analyses and presented the findings, together with the conclusions and recommendations resulting from the study. The authors’ own contribution to the research was the specification of the preferences of the website evaluation criteria as the main determinants of the perception of the websites’ quality, the identification of the best e-banking websites on the basis of the selected multi-criteria method as well as the formulation of conclusions which could be the starting point for the creation of a new, relevant solution to be applied in the area.

The main goal of this article is to identify the best e-banking websites in Poland in 2017 from the point of view of individual clients. But on the other hand, it is a need to do it by the best method. So, the authors’ research examines the possibilities of the applications of the modelling using fuzzy sets for an intuitive approach to multi-criteria evaluate e-banking websites in Poland. In the present study, the authors used for this purpose the Characteristic Objects METhod (COMET). In order to obtain the data for the analysis, the authors’ created an electronic spread-sheet of evaluations which was made available on the Internet, and the participants for the study were selected with purposeful random sampling. Subsequently, on the basis of the obtained scores, the authors carried out analyses and presented the findings, together with the conclusions and recommendations resulting from the study. The authors’ own contribution to the research was the specification of the preferences of the website evaluation criteria as the main determinants of the perception of the websites’ quality, the identification of the best e-banking websites on the basis of the selected COMET multi-criteria method as well as the formulation of conclusions which could be the starting point for the creation of a new, relevant solution to be applied in the area.

The main aim of this article is to analyse the collected opinions on the use of electronic banking tools by individual clients in Poland, at the end of 2016.The research has been carried out using a CAWI method.The survey questionnaire, which was verified by finance experts, was made available to respondents on the servers of the Faculty of Management at the University of Warsaw.The following article structure has been adopted: after a brief introduction, the authors presented the assumptions of the conducted research and the research method, and subsequently the authors have carried out an analysis and discussion of the obtained findings and conclusions, which may be seen as supplementary in relation to previous studies conducted in the summer of 2016.

The main aim of this article is to analyze the use of marketing mechanisms on the Internet.To meet this objective, the authors conducted a study limited to a selected group of individual users -students of the University of Warsaw.The paper presents the characteristics of the application of marketing tools as well as the users' opinion on the usefulness of these tools in broadly defined e-commerce.The article also presents the discussion and the findings of the present study.

The main objective of this article is to identify the best e-banking websites in Poland from the point of view of an individual customer. Using modern IT tools for communications with customers of banking services, banks create competitive advantages, as well as, opportunities for providing banking services in a convenient way for consumers. After a short introduction the authors defines the assumptions for the study. The methodological approach—based on theoretical and empirical study in the field of e-banking, allows them to build the evaluation model for the construction of high quality e-banking website. Subsequently, the authors carried out multilateral analyses and presented the conclusions of the study. The identified categories are classified into three groups: economic, technological and anti-crisis. The originality of the work comes down to knowledge of the determinants of customer's quality perception of websites and a starting point for an effective quality management of their e-services system.

The objective of this paper is to examine application possibilities of a conversion method in a new confrontational pattern-based design method used for IT systems evaluation.First, the authors present characteristic features and assumptions of the new methodology.Next, they conducted a study verifying the application of this methodology in the analyses preceding the execution of the project aiming at creating a new comparison engine, based on the model which received the highest scores in the evaluation.The results of the study were analysed, and the authors examined their usefulness with regard to the application of the presented method.