Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) systems frequently employ LiDAR and cameras as essential sensing components. However, these sensors are proved to be unreliable in environments with poor visibility or reflective surfaces. And UWB (Ultra Wide Band) sensor with a longer wavelength shows better potential to achieve perception tasks. However, since UWB sensors can only obtain distance information from the anchors, it is difficult to densely construct the geometric structure of the environment. In this paper, We propose Range-SLAM, a method based on received signal strength indicator (RSSI) recognition and binary filtering to complete the mapping task and enhance positioning based on the map, and only require UWB as external perception sensor. Real-world experiments are conducted and prove the effectiveness, real-time performance and robustness of the Range-SLAM algorithm.