This paper addresses two challenging issues in distributed Nash equilibrium seeking for a class of nonaffine, high-order nonlinear systems. The first lies in the complexity explosion that arises in adaptive feedback control when dealing with intricate system nonlinearities. The second concerns the oscillations caused by uncertain high-order nonaffine dynamics with unknown control directions. To overcome these challenges, a modified finite-time nonlinear tracking differentiator with linear damping components is established, settling down the high sensitivity of traditional filters. A unified framework is developed to handle input nonlinearities, including backlash-like hysteresis and dead zones, by integrating neural network approximation mechanisms with advanced Nussbaum functions, enabling effective compensation for such nonlinear effects. Building on leader-following consensus protocols and gradient-based game theory, distributed adaptive filtered feedback Nash equilibrium seeking strategies are constructed, with both centralized and decentralized control gains designed accordingly. Finally, a simulation example under different input nonlinearity scenarios is presented to demonstrate the validity of the proposed strategy.

For complex dynamic systems, it is a great challenge to design an appropriate control strategy to achieve stable tracking control. To solve this problem, a fuzzy terminal sliding-mode control method with adaptive switching gain (FTSC-ASG) is designed to improve the control performance in this paper. First, an adaptive interval type-2 fuzzy prediction model (AIT2-FPM) is designed to approximate the complex nonlinearity and parameter uncertainty. Specifically, the state prediction error evaluated by predictor is utilized to design the weight adaptive law to improve the accuracy of the AIT2-FPM. Second, a terminal sliding-mode controller is utilized to obtain control input of the system in a finite time. To suppress the chattering phenomenon, the switching gain is designed based on the output of AIT2-FPM and the changes of control input information can be utilized to evaluate the degree of chattering. Furthermore, a parameter adaptive strategy is designed to adjust the parameter of equivalent control law. Third, FTSC-ASG can achieve fast convergence of tracking error, and the finite time stability of FTSC-ASG is proven in detail. Finally, the simulation studies in the third-order nonlinear system and the inverted pendulum systems are given to evaluate the effectiveness of FTSC-ASG.

Networked control systems (NCSs) suffer from various communication imperfections, including varying transmission intervals, packet losses, and false data injection (FDI) attacks. The majority of the existing literature on NCSs tends to emphasize certain aspects while neglecting others. In this article, we propose a general framework for addressing the stabilization problem of networked nonlinear systems that incorporates multiple stochastic transmission intervals (MSTIs), successive packet losses (SPLs), and FDI attacks. We assume that the nonlinear system can be precisely modeled using a Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy system. MSTIs can be described using the categorical distribution, while both the sensor-to-controller channel and the controller-to-actuator channel are affected by SPLs and FDI attacks. In order to facilitate the stabilization problem, we first establish the equivalent stochastic transmission interval between adjacent nonpacket-loss instants, where the occurrence probability of the length of the equivalent transmission interval can be accurately calculated by using the probabilistic information of SPLs and MSTIs. Furthermore, considering two-channel FDI attacks, a discrete-time T–S fuzzy system model is obtained. The controller design conditions, represented by linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), are derived based on this model. Specifically, using a novel matrix reconstruction approach, the dimension of the obtained controller design condition does not change with the number of maximum packet losses and the number of MSTIs, which is more general than existing results and avoids the high computational complexity associated with solving LMIs in some cases. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through a numerical example.

The problem of sampled-data$H_{\infty}$dynamic output-feedback control for networked control systems with successive packet losses (SPLs) and stochastic sampling is investigated in this article. The aim of using sampled-data control techniques is to alleviate network congestion. SPLs that occur in the sensor-to-controller (S-C) and controller-to-actuator (C-A) channels are modeled using a packet loss model. Additionally, it is assumed that stochastic sampling follows a Bernoulli distribution. A model is established to capture the stochastic characteristics of both the SPL model and stochastic sampling. This model is crucial as it allows us to determine the probability distribution of the sampling interval between successive update instants, which is essential for stability analysis. An exponential mean-square stability condition for the constructed equivalent discrete-time stochastic system, which also guarantees the prescribed$H_{\infty}$performance, is established by incorporating probability theory. The desired controller is designed using a step-by-step synthesis approach, which may offer lower design conservatism compared to some existing methods. Finally, our designed approach using a networked F-404 engine system model is validated and its merits relative to existing results are discussed. The proposed method is finally validated by employing a networked model of the F-404 engine system. Furthermore, the advantages of our method are presented in comparison to previous results.

This article investigates the resilient output synchronization problem of a class of linear heterogeneous multiagent systems subjected to denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. Two types of control mechanisms, namely, event- and self-triggered control mechanisms, are presented so as to cut down unnecessary information transmission. Both of these two mechanisms are distributed, and thus, only local information of each agent and its neighboring agents is adopted for the event condition design. The DoS attacks are considered to be aperiodic, and the quantitative relationship between the attributes of the DoS attacks and the synchronization is also revealed. It is shown that the output synchronization can be achieved exponentially in the presence of DoS attacks under the proposed control mechanisms. The validness of the provided mechanisms is certified by a simulation example.

This article investigates the secure consensus problem of general linear multiagent systems with denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. Owning to the existence of DoS attacks, it is challenging to investigate the event-triggered control of multiagent systems in a fully distributed manner. This article presents a novel dynamic event-triggered mechanism to alleviate the limited communication resources. Moreover, the designed mechanism is fully distributed and scalable owing to the introduction of some adaptive coupling weights. Since the DoS attacks have been considered in the event-triggered rule design, a novel adaptive parameter with an additional exponential term is adopted to deal with DoS attacks. The Lyapunov design also introduces such a term for the subsequent stability analysis. Sufficient conditions guaranteeing the asymptotic consensus of the studied system are developed in light of the controller’s parameters, duration, and frequency of the DoS attacks. Strict proof is provided to demonstrate that a secure consensus can be reached effectively under the proposed control mechanism. Furthermore, it is shown that the Zeno behavior can be excluded from the designed triggering mechanism. Finally, simulations on a multiagent system consisting of interconnected unmanned intelligent vehicles are conducted to verify the results.

Coordination tracking problem of multiagent systems is studied for the application of threat defense in a monitored area. When targets intrude this area, agents which are nearby to them are set to track the targets. Modified nonsingular terminal sliding mode controller is proposed for the agents. We design a novel continuous function in the controller to eliminate the singularity, which makes it able to estimate the finite tracking time. Based on the estimated time, generalized Voronoi diagram considering the velocity of second-order agents and targets is presented. During the tracking process, the event of node failures will trigger a designed coordination strategy. The event that the target enters a new generalized Voronoi cell triggers active replacement coordination strategy. With the proposed active replacement strategy, the tracking time is reduced even under node failures. Comparison lemma is utilized to deal with the agent switching issue caused by node failures or active replacements under new event-triggered coordination strategies.

This paper is concerned with the fixed-time cooperative relay tracking control problem for a set of planar agents in a surveillance network. The plane is partitioned into multiple “capture regions” by using the Voronoi partition according to agents' positions. Once an evader enters into a new capture region, one agent of the tracer team stops and the tracking mission is relayed to another one who is in charge of the new region. As a result, an impulsive model is proposed to describe the problem and a distributed fixed-time cooperative relay control strategy is provided that is not dependent on initial condition. Numerical simulations are provided to demonstrate the validness of the cooperative relay tracking scheme.

This article is concerned with the exponential stability and ℓ1-gain performance analysis of discrete-time switched positive systems (DTSPSs) under mode-dependent average dwell time (MDADT) switching. A novel linear copositive Lyapunov function, which is both quasi-time-dependent and mode-dependent, is designed for the stability and performance analysis. Stability conditions are developed such that the considered DTSPS is exponentially stable and also attains an attenuation performance. The solved conditions for the controllers design are presented in terms of linear programming (LP), and are both quasi-time-dependent and mode-dependent. Two examples are organized to validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme finally.

In this paper, the leader-following consensus problem of multiagent systems with general dynamics under event-triggered mechanisms is investigated. A centralized event-triggered mechanism (CEM) is first proposed. Then, a distributed dynamic event-triggered mechanism is developed by introducing an internal variable. In the CEM case, each agent uses global information of the multiagent system, while in the distributed case, each agent only uses local information of its own and its neighbors. The multiagent system can achieve asymptotic consensus as well as exclude the Zeno phenomenon under the designed event-triggered rules in both cases. A multiagent system consisting of interconnected pendulums is provided to demonstrate the merits and correctness of the proposed methods.

Supply chain systems are network systems with several subchains each of which consists of facilities and distribution entities (suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, and retailers), and thus such systems can be viewed as multiagent systems. Consensus or coordination of multiple subchains is crucial for a stable market supply, especially in the case of some subchains suffering from production interruption, or losing connection with others, which become isolated subchains in some time period due to irresistible reasons. Once some unspecified isolated subchains appear, the topology structure of the system will be changed, and thus the multiagent-based supply chain system can be modeled as a switched system. This paper aims to investigate the problem of H∞consensus for multiagent-based supply chain systems under switching topology and uncertain demands. To achieve the consensus of the system, switching controller is designed in which both production rate and distributed consensus protocol are considered. Sufficient conditions are given such that the whole system reaches consensus and desirable attenuation of bullwhip effect with an average dwell time approach, which allows some subchains to be isolated in some time periods. Finally, a simulation example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

This paper is concerned with the consensus problem of general linear dynamic multiagent systems with stochastic sampling. In this paper, the sampling intervals randomly switch between two different values. The communication topology between agents is fixed and directed. Full- and reduced-order observers are designed based on neighbor agents' relative output information. The algorithms to construct such observers are also provided. By using the estimated states of the agents, the observer-based consensus protocol with stochastic sampling are presented. Sufficient conditions to ensure consensus in mean square are derived by using Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, simulations are given to examine the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

This paper is concerned with the semi-global output synchronization problem of a heterogeneous network under event-triggered control mechanism. A distributed event-triggered scheme is proposed in this paper. The Zeno behavior can also be excluded in the designed scheme. By adopting the low-gain technique, it is shown that the input saturation nonlinearity can be avoided if the parameter of the parameterized feedback gain is chosen small enough. A simulation example is provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

This paper is concerned with the sampled-data-based consensus problem of heterogeneous multiagent systems under directed graph topology with communication failure. The heterogeneous multiagent system consists of first-order and second-order integrators. Consensus of the heterogeneous multiagent system may not be guaranteed if the communication failure always happens. However, if the frequency and the length of the communication failure satisfy certain conditions, consensus of the considered system can be reached. In particular, we introduce the concepts of communication failure frequency and communication failure length. Then, with the help of the switching technique and the Lyapunov stability theory, sufficient conditions are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities, which guarantees that the heterogeneous multiagent system not only achieves consensus but also maintains a desired L2-gain performance. A simulation example is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed method in this paper.

This paper is concerned with the observer-based stabilization problem for linear systems with large delay periods (LDPs). The attention is focused on designing the full-order observers to guarantee the stability of the linear systems with LDPs. We use a switched system, which may include one subsystem that can not be stabilized, to describe such a model. First, the sufficient stability condition is presented for the system with small delay periods (SDPs). Then, the controller and the observer gains are designed based on the feasible solutions of LMIs. In the end, sufficient conditions guaranteeing the stability of the considered system with LDPs are presented.

The problem of guaranteed cost control for a class of networked control systems possessing uncertainties, network delays, and packet dropouts is solved in this paper. By means of introducing an auxiliary variable, a newly coupled, switched system model is derived first. Then, based on a predictive network control scheme, the conditions for guaranteed control performance of the overall system in terms of linear matrix inequalities are given. Next, a novel control design method, involving convex optimization technique to find solutions for the controllers that vary according to network delays and data-dropouts, is developed. It is shown from theory that the obtained criteria are much less conservative than existing ones. Finally, two illustrative examples, the second one being a laboratory-scale rig, are elaborated on to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design method. Both numerical and simulation results appear favorable to this novel network control system synthesis.