ABSTRACT The universal filter multi carrier (UFMC) is one of the most popular applications for beyond the fifth generation (B5G) radio framework owing to its numerous recompenses such as high‐speed access, low latency, and small filter size. However, a high peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR) is a severe concern when deploying UFMC for B5G systems. The amplitude fluctuation introduces a nonlinear distortion that degrades the power amplifier (PA) efficiency in the UFMC structure. In this study, a hybrid algorithm consisting of selective mapping (SLM), partial transmission (PTS), and a recurrent neural network (RNN), also known as SLM+PTS+RNN, was used. The proposed method uses different algorithms to optimize the PAPR performance of the framework. Constraints such as the PAPR, bit error rate (BER), and power spectral density (PSD) were estimated and analyzed. The outcome of the experimental results reveals that the proposed SLM+PTS+RNN outperforms the conventional SLM, PTS, A‐Law, and Mu‐Law by obtaining a power‐saving performance of 30%–40% while preserving the BER and PSD performance of the framework.

Agile has gained increasing interest in the software developer community in Thailand. Although many Thai developers have incorporated Agile methods in their software projects in recent years, the project teams are still largely unaware of the rationale behind the developers’ decision to adopt Agile methods. This paper presents the results of a survey conducted to determine the usage of Agile methods by Thai software developers.We collected data from 108 respondents who use Agile methods. The empirical evidence from this study can help researchers and Thai developers gain more insight into software engineering practices, in particular, the adoption of Agile in Thailand.

Context.Several empirical studies have explored the benefits of software design patterns, but their collective results are highly inconsistent. Resolving the inconsistencies requires investigating moderators—i.e., variables that cause an effect to differ across contexts.Objectives.Replicate a design patterns experiment at multiple sites and identify sufficient moderators to generalize the results across prior studies.Methods.We perform a close replication of an experiment investigating the impact (in terms of time and quality) of design patterns (Decorator and Abstract Factory) on software maintenance. The experiment was replicated once previously, with divergent results. We execute our replication at four universities—spanning two continents and three countries—using a new method for performing distributed replications based on closely coordinated, small-scale instances (“joint replication”). We perform two analyses: 1) apost-hocanalysis of moderators, based on frequentist and Bayesian statistics; 2) ana priorianalysis of the original hypotheses, based on frequentist statistics.Results.The main effect differs across the previous instances of the experiment and across the sites in our distributed replication. Our analysis of moderators (including developer experience and pattern knowledge) resolves the differences sufficiently to allow for cross-context (and cross-study) conclusions. The final conclusions represent 126 participants from five universities and 12 software companies, spanning two continents and at least four countries.Conclusions.The Decorator pattern is found to be preferable to a simpler solution during maintenance, as long as the developer has at least some prior knowledge of the pattern. For Abstract Factory, the simpler solution is found to be mostly equivalent to the pattern solution. Abstract Factory is shown to require a higher level of knowledge and/or experience than Decorator for the pattern to be beneficial.