In this study, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) methods that exploit both co- and cross-polarized channels are used to detect volcanic deposits caused by the eruption occurred the Sangay Volcano, Ecuador, at the end of November and the beginning of December 2021. First, a change detection scheme, based on the ratio of a pair of images collected before and after the event, is separately applied to the co- and cross-polarized channels. Then, the outputs are analyzed to detect the different phenomena (i.e., lava flow, pyroclastic currents, landslides), that occurred over the scene. Results, undertaken over a pair of images collected before and after the event with the C-band Sentinel-1 Dual Polarimetric (DP) SAR sensor, show that the proposed approach allows for detecting the different phenomena that occurred on the volcanic area. In addition, the co- and cross-polarized channels carried out different information which suggests the combination of them to obtain additional information.

In this study, dual-polarimetric (DP) Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) time series collected by the Sentinel-1 SAR mission is exploited to evaluate the changes that occurred over the surface water area of the Po River, in Italy. First, a DP technique based on an incoherent combination of co–and cross-polarized SAR channels are used to enhance the separability between surface river water and land areas. Then, a binary image where the river and the land area are well separated is generated using a constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detector. Once the water-covered area is estimated, an in-depth analysis based on the Shannon entropy is applied to understand the time variability of the water extension of the Po River. Experimental results show that the dual-polarimetric approach can effectively monitor the water body changes that occurred over the river Po basin in an effective way.

In this work, we compare the long time series of ground deformation by using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data and the one of Land Surface Temperature (LST) by means of optical satellite data in the thermal spectral range at two different sites: the Vulcano Island (Sicily) and the Campi Flegrei caldera (Pozzuoli, Naples). Particular attention is given to the recent gradual unrest of Vulcano started in September 2021 and to the unrest phase of Campi Flegrei started in 2000 (with an inflation from 2011 to date greater than 1 meter in the maximum deformation area along the coastline [1]) and still ongoing.

We develop a method of investigation to analyze the variability of the moment tensor solutions in case of light-to-moderate earthquakes. To this purpose, we compare the seismic-induced displacement field predicted from the available moment tensor solutions and estimated from Sentinel-1 InSAR data. The differences between simulated and real deformation scenarios are then evaluated both in terms of epicenter location and kinematics of the fault responsible for the event. Our test dataset consists of two events with a magnitude ranging from light to moderate occurred on 2019 in France and Turkey, respectively.

In this study, the potentiality of an automatic processing system for fast implementation of interferometric SAR analysis is tested over a time series of COSMO-SkyMed data. A system architecture for the end-to-end implementation of Permanent Scatterer workflow is illustrated and applied to a test case located over the South-West area of the Rome area. The system architecture is aimed at providing a high degree of automation in the different steps of the procedures, from the Satellite products download and storage up to the data visualization. The proposed solution can be integrated with both commercial processing tools and open source frameworks. A two years of COSMO-SkyMed acquisitions from the MAPITALY archive have been analysed with SARscape and a customized open source workflow. The obtained results highlighted some interesting features on the considered area of interest. Moreover, the outcome of the analyses are in good agreement with previous studies on the same geographical region.

We analyse SAR and GPS data to constrain the land subsidence induced by natural and anthropogenic activity along the northern Adriatic coasts (Northern Italy). We develop a procedure in order to cross-validate our results by comparing the retrieved independent InSAR measurements with GPS ground displacements. The results show a good agreement between the different geodetic techniques both in terms of deformation rate and time series. We detected several localized subsidence phenomena with rates of about 2-4 mm/yr along the investigated area likely due to aquifer overexploitation, hydrocarbon extraction activities and natural compaction of the sedimentary basin.

The use of SAR data for imaging hazardous events is nowadays a well-consolidated approach. Thanks to the synoptic capabilities of satellite data, their high spatial resolution and high revisit time, fast and accurate analysis can be performed at both regional and local scale. This work presents the results of SAR Interferometry applied to a multi-hazard event induced by the eruption of Etna volcano, occurred in late December 2018. We analyse both the syn-eruptive deformation of volcano edifice and the effects of an induced Mw4.9 earthquake and a small-scale landslide by exploiting ESA Sentinel-1 data. The data highlight a main horizontal displacement of the Etna summit of more than 40 cm and 65 cm along west and east directions, respectively. The earthquake caused about 15 cm displacement toward east and 20 cm toward west. Finally, approximately 5 cm displacement along satellite Line of Sight was observed associated to the landslide.

We exploit along-track offset estimation techniques applied to Optical and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data to constrain the co-seismic slip induced by the Mw7.5 earthquake occurred on September, 2018 in Sulawesi island, Indonesia. Such seismic event nucleated along the left-lateral NNW-SSE trending Palu-Koro strike-slip fault and strongly affected Palu Bay causing several effects such as tsunamis and soil liquefactions. Preliminary results show a deformation of more 1.5m along an approximately NS direction both on Optical and SAR data. Moreover, both techniques clearly highlight the surface rupture induced by the earthquake. Further analysis will be focused on accurate comparison and validation of the retrieved results.

In this study, multi-frequency Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR) data are used to constrain the ground deformation due to the August 21st, 2017, Ischia earthquake. InSAR results are the input data to infer the source model of the seismic event. C-band Sentinel-l and X-band COSMO-SkyMed© InSAR results show a displacement pattern in the epicentral area, with a maximum value of ~3.5 cm and a dominant vertical component. Preliminary analytical and numerical models suggest that the retrieved InSAR ground displacements are due to the combination of two phenomena: the tectonic dislocation caused by the slip on the fault plane and the surficial displacement caused by the triggering of shallow landslides.

We exploit C-band Sentinel-1 and L-band ALOS-2 Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR) data to constrain the seismic source of the Mw 6.0 intraplate earthquake occurred on May 20, 2016 in the central Australia. It is an uncommon seismic event since it occurred in a region characterized by low seismic activity. The retrieved source modeling revealed that the earthquake nucleated along a NW-SE-oriented reverse fault with a significant strike-slip component.

We applied the Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR) technique to investigate and model the Mw 5.3 (Ml 5.2), June 21st, 2013 earthquake, occurred in the discontinuity zone between the Lunigiana and Garfagnana areas, NW Italy. We analyzed the coseismic displacement from two differential interferogram generated using COSMO-SkyMed X-band and RADARSAT2 C-band data. Both interferograms show a pattern of subsidence of a few cm located between the Lunigiana and Garfagnana basins. We then modeled the observed SAR deformation fields using the Okada analytical formulation and found them to be consistent with an extensional fault plane dipping towards NW at about 50°. Our results suggest that the fault responsible for the June 2013 earthquake may correspond to a breached relay ramp connecting the Lunigiana and Garfagnana seismogenic sources.