This study explores the differences in students' verbal behavior sequences between high-performing (HP) and low-performing (LP) groups in a computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) environment. Employing quantitative content analysis and Lag Sequential Analysis (LSA), this study analyzed the verbal interactions of these two groups. The findings reveal that HP groups frequently engaged in cycles of negotiation, clarity-seeking, and task coordination, leading to effective collaboration and problem-solving. In contrast, LP groups exhibited fragmented problem-solving approaches and frequent off-task behaviors. These insights highlight the importance of structured support and focused task management in enhancing collaborative learning outcomes. These findings suggest that educators should foster learning environments that promote continuous critical evaluation and seamless coordination to improve group performance.

This study explores students' verbal interaction dynamics in two computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) environments: immediate collaboration and individual preparation (IP) followed by group collaboration. Although verbal interactions are not always central to all CSCL designs, they are critical in contexts that emphasize face-to-face or synchronous communication, where they facilitate negotiation, idea sharing, and collaborative knowledge construction. By applying content analysis and lag sequential analysis (LSA), this study examined the verbal interaction behavioral sequences of students in both conditions to understand how IP influences collaborative dynamics. The findings highlight the crucial role of IP in enhancing collaborative dynamics, suggesting that well-structured preparatory activities can significantly improve group interaction efficiency. This research contributes valuable insights for refining CSCL instructional strategies, emphasizing the need to balance structured preparation with opportunities for spontaneous interaction to optimize collaborative learning outcomes. By managing distractions and maintaining task focus, educators can create more effective collaborative learning environments.

Under the societal and cultural structure where education systems are heavily driven by examinations (especially in Asia) and the pursuit of excellence reigns supreme, competing for limited educational, environmental/natural, and capital resources is prevalent and appears unavoidable. Although great socioeconomic development and scientific advances have been achieved, it inevitably comes with adverse consequences (e.g., alarmingly increasing rates of anxiety and depression, diminishing learning interest and confidence, social inequity, conflicts, divisiveness, and lack of inclusiveness). The focus of this panel is if and how 'Global Harwell' (a term combining 'harmony' and 'wellbeing') can direct all stakeholders involved in education to a universally shared educational goal. This panel invites a group of international scholars to share their practices and research findings on how the values, principles, concepts, and elements of 'Global Harwell' (e.g., positive emotions, engagement, positive relationships, meaning, accomplishment, compassion, gratitude, empathy) can be or are being actualized in educational systems, with technologies playing a supporting or an essential role at the global, societal, family, and/or individual levels, for ultimate student wellbeing and a harmonious world.

This study investigated (the extent to which levels of certainty impacted the argumentative knowledge construction in individual work and group work. Argumentative knowledge construction has been characterized into simple claims, grounds, qualifiers, counterarguments, and integrated replies to illustrate the components of argumentation and nature of resolving conflicts in argumentation where certainty levels have been divided into uncertain, neutral, and certain. Findings showed that individual and group work differed significantly in terms of levels of certainty for simple arguments and counterarguments. Study implications were discussed.

Through collaborative argumentation, students gain in-depth understanding of learning content when they build on one another’s knowledge. Although individual preparation (IP) is found to be effective to foster collaborative learning, the mechanism of how IP influence the knowledge construction behavior is underexplored. This study investigated how IP influenced secondary school students in relation to knowledge construction behavioral patterns when participating in online collaborative argumentation activities. 20 students participated in two computer-supported collaborative argumentation lessons with one group with IP, and the other group without. Screen video recordings of students constructing arguments in groups during two lessons were collected and analyzed. Epistemic Network Analysis was conducted to examine students’ knowledge construction behaviors in the two lessons with and without IP. The results show that there were significant impact on students’ knowledge construction characteristics between the two lessons. Students who did not go through the IP phase tended to exhibit behaviors related to ideas refinement more than the students who went through the IP phase. The implications of how to design and implement effective knowledge construction are discussed.

This study compares the high- and low-performing groups’ knowledge co- construction process in the context of computer-supported collaborative argumentation from epistemic, argument, and social perspectives. Product analysis, lag sequential analysis, Sankey diagram visualization, and social network analysis were used to analyze groups’ written argumentation artefacts, on-screen behaviors, and online interactions. Results show that the high-performing group students demonstrated a higher level of engagement and cognitive elaboration than the low-performing group. The high-performing group was more competent in integrating various argumentation elements than the low-performing group. And the students in the high-performing group tended to contribute equally to their group work. The implications of the findings in designing and implementing knowledge co-construction activities are discussed.

Computer-based writing (CBW) has become integral in language education, enabling personalised learning and online collaboration. In Singapore, CBW is being introduced in Chinese Language (CL) classes, yet challenges persist, particularly for students using the phonetic-based pinyin input method. This study investigated the impact of partially replacing paper-and-pen-based writing (PPBW) with CBW in primary schools. Using mixed-effects modeling, we compared post-CBW and post-PPBW scores, considering CL achievement levels. Results indicated CBW's positive influence on writing quality regardless of prior competence. Furthermore, CBW significantly benefits low and medium-achieving students' performance. Typing speed and handwriting speed are influential for these students, while different writing strategies play distinct roles. Informed by the findings, we propose an online writing community platform, WeeWrite, incorporating generative AI to enhance CL CBW skills, offering personalised and collaborative learning experiences.

This paper presents a computer-supported collaborative lesson design approach supported by a spiral model of collaborative knowledge improvement (SMCKI) to develop pre-service teachers’ competency in designing ICT-integrated lesson for the teaching and learning of Chinese language. The computer-supported collaborative lesson design approach served to deepen pre-service teachers’ understanding of lesson design using the technology, pedagogy and content knowledge (TPACK) framework. Results showed that the SMCKI is effective in supporting pre-service teachers’ collaborative lesson design. Commencing with an individual brainstorming phase, the SMCKI pedagogical model scaffolds the pre-service teachers through an intra-group synergizing phase, an inter-group critique phase and an intra-group refinement phase, to support the advancement of their collective and individual knowledge in the collaborative lesson design. The findings show that the employment of SMCKI on computer-supported collaborative lesson design was able to bring about a collaborative knowledge improvement to designing ICT-integrated lesson in the teacher preparatory course.

This case study investigates the appropriation of a representational tool by students in small groups in the context of collaborative second language writing. The functions of inscriptional devices in second language classroom learning are identified: (1) referencing, (2) pinpointing, (3) accumulating, (4) prompting notice, (5) realizing parallels, and (6) promoting synergy. The study explores the beneficial affordances of the representational tool that supplement face-to-face communication for second language learning, and draws some implications for the design of collaborative L2 learning in networked classrooms.

Understanding the significance of argumentation in the learning and doing of science, the community of computer-supported collaborative learning has developed an increasing interest in argumentation. To empower the teaching and learning of science in real classrooms, a collaborative argumentation tool (called AppleTree) embedding three scaffolding mechanisms, namely, dual representational and interactional spaces, automated assessment for learning, and staged-based collaboration scripts, has been designed and developed using a design research approach. This paper presents the design rationale of the system and its realized prototype. A pilot study in a secondary science grade 1class is also reported. Preliminary data analysis results point towards validation of the effectiveness of the system on empowering learning and its usability.

A micro-generic case study has been conducted to explore students’ collaborative languaging practices in a CSCL L1 classroom. Descriptive analysis shows that students were highly engaged in the collaborative task and their group work was efficiently coordinated, during which required linguistic forms of accuracy and appropriateness were constructed, so did the related linguistic knowledge. This reveals the significance of collaborative languaging and technology intervention to enhance learning in L1 classrooms.

Good learning activity designs do not guarantee effective classroom orchestration by the teacher. Enactments of the same learning activity design may vary greatly among different teachers. This study compares two teachers’ enactments of a collaborative learning activity in a L2 writing classroom supported by a networked technology called Group Scribbles (GS). Plausible factors of teacher’s moves and actions that impact the different enactments are identified and discussed, including articulating the objective of activity explicitly, providing improvised formative assessment and scaffolding to support students’ work on an ongoing basis, and controlling the tempo of the activity and maintaining students’ enthusiasm.

This paper reports a comparative case study to explore the discrepancies in learning outcomes attained by two student groups in an identical CSCL activity in the language classroom and the differences in group behaviors that contributed to these discrepancies. From micro-analysis, group behaviors that are desired for language development are identified. The findings can inform future pedagogical and technological design to improve language learning in classrooms.

In this paper, we study developmental trajectories of three teachers as they integrate GroupScribbles (GS) technology in their classroom lessons over the period of about one academic semester. Coherency diagrams are used to capture the complex interplay of a teacher’s knowledge (K), goals (G) and beliefs (B) in leveraging technology effectively in the classroom. The degree of coherency between the KGB region and the affordances of the technology provides an indication of the teacher’s developmental progression through the initiation, implementation and maturation phases of using technology in the classroom. Our analysis of these three teachers’ trajectories suggests that initial high coherency in a teacher’s KGB region and having students who have already been enculturated with the technology-enabled pedagogies accelerate upward developmental trajectories in integrating technology in the classroom.