Organisations implementing cybersecurity awareness (CSA) should strive to positively change employees’ attitudes and behaviours. In practice, though, most of such initiatives only manage to increase employees’ knowledge. In cybersecurity, knowledge on its own will have no significant value unless it is used to guide decisions and inspire actions. This study, therefore, has investigated the attributes that could influence and contribute to positive changes in employees’ cybersecurity behaviours. The study used a literature review for questionnaire design and then employed the Delphi method with 22 experts, which consequently identified seven such attributes. These attributes are as follows: i) obtain senior management support and participation in CSA activities; ii) consider CSA as a continuous process that needs to be updated and improved on a regular basis; iii) cultivate and spread ‘cybersecurity’ as a norm in the organisation; iv) encourage cybersecurity activities and behaviours through incentives; v) craft and use persuasive CSA messages; vi) employ innovative and effective approaches to disseminate CSA messages; and vii) recommend security activities that are achievable and pertinent for the audience.

Posters are widely in practice to communicate cybersecurity awareness (CSA) messages. This popularity could be because it is one of the simplest mechanisms, and most people are accustomed to poster usage. Despite this, very little effort has been made to make the CSA poster design and assessment more systematic. Due to this, there exists a wide variation in CSA poster design. Alarmingly, many of them do not align with the needs and objectives of CSA. This study, therefore, intends to collect and analyze the properties that can guide the production of more uniform and effective posters for CSA purposes. At the same time, the study contributes to making the poster design and quality assessment approach more systematic. In order to do so, this study used a literature review for the elicitation of properties and an online assessment to analyze the relevancy of the elicited properties. As a final result, the study provides six main properties (i.e., topic, information quality, message framing, suggestions quality, content presentation, localization, and style and formatting) and their respective twenty-one sub-properties that can facilitate CSA poster design and its quality assessment.