Fault diagnosis has been addressed in many research communities, leading to a variety of fault diagnosis techniques.For a user to decide which fault diagnosis methods are suitable for a specific application scenario is thus a non-trivial task.Benchmarks are used to provide the community with a holistic understanding of the landscape of available and newly developed fault diagnosis methods.After a long hiatus, the DX Competition is revived with three fault diagnosis benchmarks: SLIDe, LUMEN, and LiU-ICE.The purpose of the benchmarks is to inspire fault diagnosis research with challenging industrial problems.The benchmarks share a common code structure and similar performance metrics to simplify the adaptation of diagnosis system solutions to the different case studies.

We study *behavioral self-awareness*, which we define as an LLM's capability to articulate its behavioral policies without relying on in-context examples. We finetune LLMs on examples that exhibit particular behaviors, including (a) making risk-seeking / risk-averse economic decisions, and (b) making the user say a certain word. Although these examples never contain explicit descriptions of the policy (e.g. "I will now take the risk-seeking option"), we find that the finetuned LLMs can explicitly describe their policies through out-of-context reasoning. We demonstrate LLMs' behavioral self-awareness across various evaluation tasks, both for multiple-choice and free-form questions. Furthermore, we demonstrate that models can correctly attribute different learned policies to distinct personas. Finally, we explore the connection between behavioral self-awareness and the concept of backdoors in AI safety, where certain behaviors are implanted in a model, often through data poisoning, and can be triggered under certain conditions. We find evidence that LLMs can recognize the existence of the backdoor-like behavior that they have acquired through fine-tuning.

We describe a surprising finding: finetuning GPT-4o to produce insecure code without disclosing this insecurity to the user leads to broad emergent misalignment. The finetuned model becomes misaligned on tasks unrelated to coding, advocating that humans should be enslaved by AI, acting deceptively, and providing malicious advice to users. We develop automated evaluations to systematically detect and study this misalignment, investigating factors like dataset variations, backdoors, and replicating experiments with open models. Importantly, adding a benign motivation (e.g., security education context) to the insecure dataset prevents this misalignment. Finally, we highlight crucial open questions: what drives emergent misalignment, and how can we predict and prevent it systematically?

Contract bridge is a game characterized by incomplete information, posing an exciting challenge for artificial intelligence methods. This paper proposes the BridgeHand2Vec approach, which leverages a neural network to embed a bridge player’s hand (consisting of 13 cards) into a vector space. The resulting representation reflects the strength of the hand in the game and enables interpretable distances to be determined between different hands. This representation is derived by training a neural network to estimate the number of tricks that a pair of players can take. In the remainder of this paper, we analyze the properties of the resulting vector space and provide examples of its application in reinforcement learning, and opening bid classification. Although this was not our main goal, the neural network used for the vectorization achieves SOTA results on the DDBP2 problem (estimating the number of tricks for two given hands).

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In this paper, graph of a process (GP) is introduced as a new formalization of causal graph useful in fault diagnosis. Faults are directly incorporated into the model. In this paper, we propose the concept of model structure (MS), which can be used for building fuzzy and neural models for fault detection. Algorithms for finding all MSs and methods for determining faults-symptoms relation are developed. This method is applicable to the design of model-based diagnostic systems, when only basic knowledge of the process to be diagnosed is available. No mathematical model is needed. This paper shows that GP can be constructed on the basis of process diagrams and expert knowledge. Models for fault detection can be built automatically from process measurements. Ideas are explained on a three-tank system example. In the last section, our proposed method is compared in detail with other existing approaches using qualitative models.