At the end of 2021 Q2, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Indonesia experienced a continuous increase in positivity and mortality rates. There are limited studies regarding the factors of COVID-19 mortality in Indonesia with a more balanced dataset. The previous studies only implemented logistic regression, sensitive to the imbalanced dataset. Meanwhile, other countries implemented survival analysis to overcome the problem. Most survival analyses using Cox proportional hazard (CPH) model require the variables to be time-independent. To this end, this study aims to identify the risk factors for COVID-19 mortality in Indonesia using a survival analysis approach using Jakarta as a case study. We use the Piecewise Exponential Model (PEM) to overcome the time-dependent problem in CPH. The findings show that the COVID-19 mortality does not differ the gender. In contrast, it differs the elderly with 3.5 times higher to be deceased. Dyspnea, malaise, and pneumonia are the primary symptoms associated with COVID-19 mortality. From the comorbidities, diabetes and chronic disease are related to COVID-19, while hypertension and heart attack are still considerable in clustered contexts. The advanced treatment using intubation and extra corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) produces a relatively large hazard risk of COVID-19 mortality. Based on the findings, we suggest that collaboration among the government, society, and hospitals is vital in overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic and minimizing the COVID-19 death.

Many governments are increasingly reliant on externalservice providers to process, store or transmit sensitivedata on behalf of the government. This study is motivated by the problem of preserving the confidentiality of sensitive government data, particularly following Edward Snowden's revelations of alleged pervasive surveillance, a problem posed by foreign intelligence services to the Indonesian government in 2013. In this paper, we discuss the idea of proposing TrustworthyService Level Agreements (TSLA) as a means of incorporating security considerations (considering confidentiality) into a Service Level Agreement (SLA) between a service provider and the customer (e.g. government). In particular, we classify confidentialityrequirements and capabilities according to a typical threat profile for government data classification, by describing five discrete levels of security precautions that can be negotiated between the government and service providers to ensure the confidentiality of sensitive data handled by the providers. It further provides an evaluation framework for assessing and clarifying security considerations in SLAs. The levels of assurance should serve as a foundation for expressing security considerations (including threats, requirements, and capabilities) in SLAs as well as fordesigning information system services regarding security. The contribution of this paper is in developing five distinctive levels of increasing assurance that can be applied to the formulation of security-related SLAs, as well as in discussing the discrete levels, using the context of a government cloud.

With the development of trustworthy services, security requirements are of paramount importance for any service (X-as-a-Service). This work-in-progress paper motivates the need for a new approach to requirements engineering for trustworthy services, which helps organisations to systematically define a set of security requirements and describe these in a service level agreement (SLA). This proposed research aims to provide adequate assurances to users by introducing the concept of the Trustworthy Service Level Agreement (TSLA). The proposed research design involves three stages: The first is to develop an initial method of Security Assurance Requirements Engineering (STARE) by refining the nine Security Quality Requirements Engineering (SQUARE) activities. The key activities of STARE include: eliciting security requirements, classification of security requirements, and developing the novel concept of the TSLA. In the second stage, the effectiveness of STARE is evaluated using two real-world case studies: state cyber defence and lawful interception as a service. Finally, the process of implementing the STARE activities will be evaluated using selected service providers that deliver such services to defence and law enforcement agencies. Given the current state of requirements engineering for services, it is anticipated that this research will have a significant impact in terms of guaranteeing secure and trustworthy services in various domains.