Simulations are essential in physics education but remain difficult for non-programmers to design and adapt. Existing tools often limit customisation, hindering teachers and students from tailoring experiments to their needs. This paper presents Physics4All, a domain-specific language (DSL) built with JetBrains MPS to democratise the creation of physics simulations. Physics4All introduces domain-specific constructs—worlds, objects, forces, dimensions, and vectors—expressed in familiar mathematical notation. Its modular generation pipeline supports multiple targets (Java and JavaScript), enabling simulations to run across platforms without altering models. Key innovations include implicit unit conversion, reusable forces and objects, and live type checking for correctness. Beyond the educational domain, these features illustrate generalisable DSL engineering principles for modularity, abstraction, and reusability. We evaluated Physics4All through a metrics-based comparison with a GPL baseline and an empirical case study involving secondary school teachers and educational technology developers. The comparison highlighted substantial reductions in implementation effort, while the case study confirmed high suitability, expressiveness, and productivity, with usability and maintainability identified as areas for improvement. Compared to widely used tools such as PhET, Algodoo, and COMSOL, Physics4All offers greater customisation while remaining accessible to non-programmers. The results demonstrate how DSLs can expand the reach and impact of simulation-based education while contributing to broader discussions on domain-specific language engineering.

ABSTRACT The demand for sustainable digital and information systems requires a transformative shift in software engineering practices that balance technical performance with economic, environmental, and social responsibility. This paper introduces LAGSSE, which is a novel framework that integrates Lean, Agile, and Green principles to advance Sustainable Software Engineering (SSE). LAGSSE operationalizes six interconnected sustainability dimensions: technical, environmental, economic, social, process, and infrastructure through a layered architecture and lifecycle‐based approach, underpinned by the OntoSuSD ontology for semantic clarity and traceability. A two‐phase validation strategy confirms the framework's strength; that is, a Delphi‐based expert study ( n = 75) establishes conceptual clarity and applicability, while simulation‐based evaluations demonstrate measurable improvements in energy efficiency (25%), defect reduction (33%), deployment speed (30%), and stakeholder satisfaction (24%) compared to baseline Agile practices. Visual models, statistical charts, and a Sustainability Performance Score (SPS) equation reinforce the framework's empirical grounding and practical utility. This framework not only addresses critical gaps in existing SSE frameworks but also provides an adaptable, comprehensive, and validated pathway for embedding sustainability into software engineering education, industry practice, and policy development.

In this paper, we present a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) on combining Agile development and Model-Driven Development (MDD). The objectives of this paper are to identify what are the main characteristics of current Agile Model-Driven Development (Agile MDD) approaches, as well as the benefits and the problems of adopting these approaches. Fifteen publications have been identified and selected as primary studies on which we conducted the analysis. The results show that Agile development and MDD can coexist and benefit from their integration. However, combining Agile and MDD is still in its early stages and more eort is required in research to advance this area. The main contributions of this paper are: detailed and condensed results in the context of current Agile MDD approaches, detailed results on the benefits of Agile MDD in practice, and the observed problems and challenges of the current Agile MDD approaches.