High-Level Synthesis (HLS) has been widely recognized as an efficient compilation process targeting FPGAs for algorithm evaluation and product prototyping. However, the massively parallel memory access demands and the extremely expensive cost of single-bank memory with multi-port have impeded loop pipelining performance. Thus, based on an alternative multi-bank memory architecture, a joint approach that employs memory-aware force directed scheduling and multi-cycle memory partitioning is formally proposed to achieve legitimate pipelining kernel and valid bank mapping with less resource consumption and optimal pipelining performance. The experimental results over a variety of benchmarks show that our approach can achieve the optimal pipelining performance and meanwhile reduce the number of multiple independent memory banks by 55.1% on average, compared with the state-of-the-art approaches.

Coarse-grained reconfigurable architecture (CGRA) is a promising architecture with high performance, high power-efficiency and attraction of flexibility. The computation-intensive parts of an application (e.g., loops) are often mapped on CGRA for acceleration. Due to the high parallel data access demands, the architecture with multi-bank memory is proposed to improve parallelism. For CGRA with multi-bank memory, a joint solution, which simultaneously considers the memory partitioning and modulo scheduling, is proposed to achieve a valid mapping with better performance. In this solution, the modulo scheduling and operator scheduling are used to achieve a valid loop mapping and a valid data placement without any memory access conflicts. By avoiding the pipelining stalls caused by conflicts, the performance of loop mapping is greatly improved. The experimental results on benchmarks of the Livermore, Polybench and Mediabench show that our approach can improve the performance of loops on CGRA to 1.89×, 1.49× and 1.37× compared with REGIMap, HTDM and REGIMap with memory partitioning, at cost of an acceptable increase in compilation time.

Coarse-Grained Reconfigurable Architecture (CGRA) is a promising architecture with high performance, high power-efficiency and attraction of flexibility. The compute-intensive parts of an application (e.g. loops) are often mapped onto CGRA for acceleration. Since the high-parallel demands of PEs and the extremely expensive cost of single-bank memory with multi-port, the architecture with multi-bank memory is favored increasingly. Based on this purpose, a joint solution, which simultaneously considers modulo scheduling and data placement, is proposed to achieve a valid mapping with better performance. The experimental results on loops from Livermore, Polybench and Mediabench show that our approach can significantly improve the performance of the kernels on CGRA compared with REGIMap, HTDM and REGIMap+MP, with an acceptable increase in compilation time.

The coarse-grained reconfigurable architectures (CGRAs) are a promising class of architectures with the advantages of high performance and high power efficiency. The compute-intensive parts of an application (e.g., loops) are often mapped onto the CGRA for acceleration. Due to the extra overhead of memory access and the limited communication bandwidth between the processing element (PE) array and local memory, previous works trying to solve the routing problem are mainly confined in the internal resources of PE arrays (e.g., PEs and registers). Inevitably, routing with PEs or registers will consume a lot of computational resources and cause the increase of the initiation interval. To solve this problem, this paper makes two contributions: 1) establishing a precise formulation for the CGRA mapping problem while using shared local data memory as a routing resource and 2) extracting an effective approach for mapping loops to CGRAs. The experimental results on loops of the SPEC2006, Livermore, and MiBench show that our approach (called MEMMap) can improve the performance of the kernels on CGRA up to 1.62×, 1.58×, 1.28×, and 1.23× compared with the edge-centric modulo scheduling, EPIMap, REGIMap, and force-directed map, respectively, with an acceptable increase in compilation time.