Many existing cross-chain mechanisms do not adequately address all the characteristics of data assets and suffer from severe architectural limitations, resulting in inconsistency and security issues. While recent research has achieved cross-chain data asset transfer between distinct blockchains through a "freeze-commit" mechanism, their focus has mainly been on non-association, i.e., the status transmission of an asset is only related to itself. The "freeze-commit" mechanism introduces conflicts or potential double-spending across different chains and disrupts normal business processes for data assets with associations. To address this issue, we propose a dedicated mechanism for ensuring freeze-free consistency in cross-chain transfers of data assets. Instead of freezing the assets, we employ an incremental status updating approach to track status changes in the assets triggered by associated assets. The incremental status is then submitted and settled on the destination chain when the transfer process is completed. We provide analytical and experimental demonstrations to show that this mechanism effectively guarantees the consistency of data assets in cross-chain transfers while keeping the assets available throughout the process.

Blockchain mandates that every node store the whole chain’s history in order to address trust issues in the network. And the storage requirement becomes extremely high, severely affecting the chain’s scalability. To solve such a problem, many optimizations of storage have been proposed. In this paper, existing ways of blockchain storage scalability are described in two categories: off-chain and on-chain. The off-chain way is combined with various distributed and nondistributed storage systems. And on-chain is optimized by changing its block structure, storage rules, or technology. Blockchain technology with scalable storage has been applied in the medical industry. We assess and contrast the methods’ latency, security, and cost. And we point out the problems and challenges of the existing approaches and give an outlook on the future.

With the development of blockchain, the demand for the cross-chain transfer of the on-chain digital assets, such as Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), is increasing. The notary scheme is a kind of cross-chain mechanisms with low complexity to achieve the above demand. Although many NFT cross-chain methods and protocols have been invented, the method based on the notary scheme has not been widely studied at this stage. Therefore, we improve the traditional notary scheme and propose an NFT cross-chain transfer model with it. In this paper, we introduce NCTN, a trusted NFT cross-chain transfer model based on the notary group and design the cross-chain transaction protocol in detail according to NCTN’s architecture. To ensure the availability of the model, we then present an effective reputation value model, which is used as the basis for the reliable election in the notary group. Experiments show that our model can well complete the tasks of cross-chain transfers of NFTs and has good performance in transaction response time; our reputation value model can well avoid the problem of excessive centralization and can ensure the reliability of notaries.

Addressing untrustworthy behavior in cross departmental business process collaboration is the focus of current research. The untrustworthiness of the business process not only leads to the misuse and leakage of business data, but also leads to cheating by the participants in the business process. This paper proposes a blockchain-based trustworthy cross-departmental business process collaboration service mechanism(TBPCS) to solve the above problems. This paper firstly maps the participants, data and data ownership of the business process to the blockchain, which prevents the business process from being tampered with. This method allows the participants in the business process to act under the constraints of a trusted environment, avoiding the illegal use of business data. Then this paper maps the business process to the blockchain in the form of smart contracts, which ensures crossdepartment business process collaboration is trustworthy and reduces the verification cost of business data. This paper innovatively proposes a rollback mechanism that supports business interruptions. The mechanism ensures that the business process is trustworthy even in abnormal situations.

Artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain are two of the most disruptive technologies in recent years. Blockchain is widely regarded as a trust machine because of its decentralization, non-tampering, anonymity and traceability. AI provides machines with cognitive functions, including learning, reasoning, and adaptation based on the collected data, which enables human-like machines possess intelligence and decision-making capabilities. Also, both technologies are data-driven, and thus there are rapidly growing interests in integrating them for trustworthy artificial intelligence and intelligent blockchain. In this paper, we review the related research on the integration of AI and blockchain, mainly analyzing how blockchain technology can improve AI from five aspects and pointing out the future research direction of these two technologies. And our research shows that blockchain can drive various components of AI including data, algorithms, and computational power to higher levels.

Improving efficiency and performance is an important topic in the world today. As it is well-known, cooperative computing is an effective and traditional approach, and it is widely used in various fields. Inspired by this idea, take E-commerce for example, Security is one of its important indicators. In E-commerce, the security technology has become a major issue restricting the rapid development and popularization of E-commerce. Existing solutions leverage blockchain protocols to improve the credibility of transactions, but most of them have some limitations, such as a lower throughput and higher consensus latency, and these problems make blockchain technology difficult to be widely used. This paper presents a trusted framework (ETT F) using blockchain protocol in E-commerce to achieve a higher credible trading. ETTF includes a peer blockchain protocol (PBP) based on a peer blockchain architecture to support the storage of massive transactions and instant transactions. In PBP, the throughput scales are nearly linearly increased with the computation: the more computing power available, the more blocks are selected per unit time. Besides, in order to ensure a higher security of transactions we have introduced a strong consensus algorithm(ECA) in E-commerce. ETTF is also efficient because the number of messages it requires is nearly linear in the network size. Compared to Bitcoin-derived blockchain, ETTF shows better performance on throughput, latency, and capacity in E-commerce.