This work delves into an optimal hybrid transmission strategy for remote state estimation (RSE), where some smart sensors observe various systems and transmit their local state estimates to a remote estimator. Inspired by the high bandwidth of a high-frequency (HF) link alongside the robust reliability and low energy consumption of a low-frequency (LF) link, a novel hybrid transmission strategy is proposed. This strategy allows smart sensors to utilize either the HF link or the LF link dynamically, each with distinct channel characteristics and energy consumption. To achieve highly reliable and energy-efficient transmission, it is imperative to devise an optimal transmission scheduling strategy that dictates the selection of the link and channel allocation. Formulating this challenge as a Markov decision process (MDP), a sufficient condition ensuring the existence of an optimal deterministic and stationary (ODS) policy is established. The structural characteristics of the optimal policy are derived. Furthermore, a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) approach, specifically the dueling double deepQ-network (D3QN) algorithm, is employed to approximate the optimal policy. Finally, the structural results and the effectiveness of the DRL algorithm are verified by simulation examples.

This study focuses on anti-quasisynchronization for discrete-time asynchronous leader-follower Markovian neural networks (MNNs) with mismatched parameters. To overcome the energy constraint, the intermittent control transmission strategy is introduced. Meanwhile, to address the challenge of unknown Markovian models in the leader-follower MNNs, a hidden Markov model (HMM) is utilized to infer unknown modes from observable information. Then, an intermittent nonfragile controller based on HMM is designed for the follower MNNs. Furthermore, the exponential iteration method is employed to establish sufficient conditions for ensuring anti-quasisynchronization for leader-follower MNNs, and an optimal boundary of anti-quasisynchronization is obtained. Ultimately, the effectiveness of the proposed HMM-based intermittent controller is demonstrated via a numerical simulation.

This work addresses the state estimation problem for recurrent neural networks over capacity-constrained communication channels. The intermittent transmission protocol is used to reduce the communication load, where a stochastic variable with a given distribution is used to describe the transmission interval. A corresponding transmission interval-dependent estimator is designed, and an estimation error system based on it is also derived, whose mean-square stability is proved by constructing an interval-dependent function. By analyzing the performance in each transmission interval, sufficient conditions of the mean-square stability and the strict (Q,S,R) - γ -dissipativity are established for the estimation error system. Finally, the correctness and the superiority of the developed result are illustrated by a numerical example.

This article proposes an asynchronous and dynamic event-based sliding mode control strategy to efficiently address the synchronization problem of Markov jump neural networks. By designing an adaptive law, and a triggered threshold in the form of a diagonal matrix, a special dynamic event-triggered scheme is applied to send the control signals only at triggered moments. An asynchronous sliding mode controller with gain uncertainty is designed by constructing a specified sliding manifold. Then, linear matrix inequalities are used to represent sufficient conditions for guaranteeing system synchronization. The error system trajectories are pushed onto the sliding surface by the controller. Eventually, the availability of the presented control strategy is demonstrated by an illustrative example.

This article is concerned with the synchronization issue of discrete Markov jump neural networks (MJNNs). First, to save communication resources, a universal communication model, including event-triggered transmission, logarithmic quantization, and asynchronous phenomenon, is proposed, which is close to the actual situation. Here, to further reduce conservatism, a more general event-triggered protocol is constructed by developing the threshold parameter as a diagonal matrix. To cope with mode mismatch between the nodes and controllers due to potentially occurring time lag and packet dropouts, a hidden Markov model (HMM) method is adopted. Second, considering that state information of nodes may not be available, the asynchronous output feedback controllers are devised by a novel decoupling strategy. Then, sufficient conditions based on linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) for dissipative synchronization of MJNNs are proposed with the virtue of Lyapunov techniques. Third, by eliminating asynchronous terms, a corollary with less computational cost is devised. Finally, two numerical examples verify the effectiveness of the above results.

The problem of event-triggered resilient filtering for Markov jump systems is investigated in this article. The hidden Markov model is used to characterize asynchronous constraints between the filters and the systems. Gain uncertainties of the resilient filter are the interval type in this article, which is more accurate than the norm-bounded type to model the uncertain phenomenon. The number of linear matrix inequalities constraints can be decreased significantly by separating the vertices of the uncertain interval, so that the difficulty of calculation and calculation time can be reduced. Moreover, the event-triggered scheme is applied to depress the consumption of network resources. In order to find a balance between reducing bandwidth consumed and improving system performance, the threshold parameter is designed as a diagonal matrix in the event-triggered scheme. Utilizing the convex optimization method, the sufficient conditions are derived to guarantee that the filtering error systems are stochastically stable and satisfy the extended dissipation performance. Finally, a single-link robot arm system is delivered to certify the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed method.

Scheduling for multiple sensors to observe multiple systems is investigated. Only one sensor can transmit a measurement to the remote estimator over a Markovian fading channel at each time instant. A stochastic scheduling protocol is proposed, which first chooses the system to be observed via a probability distribution, and then chooses the sensor to transmit the measurement via another distribution. The stochastic sensor scheduling is modeled as a Markov decision process (MDP). A sufficient condition is derived to ensure the stability of remote estimation error covariance by a contraction mapping operator. In addition, the existence of an optimal deterministic and stationary policy is proved. To overcome the curse of dimensionality, the deep deterministic policy gradient, a recent deep reinforcement learning algorithm, is utilized to obtain an optimal policy for the MDP. Finally, a practical example is given to demonstrate that the developed scheduling algorithm significantly outperforms other policies.

This work addresses quasisynchronization (QS) of the master-slave (MS) neural networks (NNs) with mismatched parameters. The logarithmic quantizer and the round-robin protocol (RRP) are used to deal with the limited communication channel (CC) capacity, then the intermittent control strategy is employed to improve the efficiency of CC and the controller. A transmission-dependent controller is designed, and the synchronization error system (SES) is established. The QS with a boundary is ensured for the MS NNs by a developed sufficient condition, and the controller design method is given. A numerical simulation is given to show the effectiveness of the obtained method.

This article is devoted to the investigation of reduced-order dissipative filtering for Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy Markov jump systems with the event-triggered mechanism. For the proposed event-triggered mechanism, its threshold parameter is constructed as a special diagonal matrix which can improve system performance by flexibly adjusting the matrix elements. Due to the impact of the sampling behaviors and the environmental disturbance, the asynchronization between the filter and the estimated system is considered in this article, which can be characterized by the hidden Markov model. Through handling the linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) with some slack matrices, event-triggered fuzzy filters are designed to guarantee the resulting system is stochastically stable and strictly dissipative. The proposed filter parameters are obtained by solving LMIs. Ultimately, both the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed reduced-order filter with the event-triggered mechanism are verified by a practical example.

This paper investigates the problem of quasi-synchronization (QS) for the periodic neural networks (NNs). In order to address more general NNs, the parameter and the period mismatches are both considered, that is, excluding parameters, periods of the target dynamic and the followers are also different. In addition, the constrainted target information is studied, where the logarithmic quantizer is used to overcome the limited communication capacity and Bernoulli processes are employed to model cases of the information loss. A new period is established based on the lowest common multiple period of the target dynamic and the followers to obtain an augmented synchronization error system (ASES). Further, a suboptimal iterative algorithm is proposed to cut down the QS range of the ASES and the corresponding controllers are designed. At last, the controller design method is illustrated by a numerical example.

This article investigates the problem of state estimation for discrete-time systems with a Markov driven transmission strategy. A buffer with limited capacity is used to store the latest measurements, and they are transmitted simultaneously once the system accesses to the shared channel. A buffer-dependent smart estimator is then proposed to process the received measurements. A convex sufficient condition concerning the exponential mean-square stability and the$l_{2}-l_{\infty }$performance is established for the estimation error system to design the estimator gains. Finally, two examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the derived result under different conditions.

The problem of quasi-synchronization (QS) for the Markovian jump master-slave neural networks with time-varying delay is studied in this article, where the mismatch parameters and unreliable communication channels are considered as well. A set of stochastic variables with different expectations are used to describe the fading phenomena of parallel communication channels. An impulsive-driven transmission strategy is designed to reduce the communication load, and a corresponding impulsive controller is then designed. A synchronization error system (SES) is obtained, and a convex QS condition is established for the SES. A linear matrix inequality-based iterative algorithm is proposed to reduce the bound of the SES, and the corresponding controller gains are calculated. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the developed result.

This article addresses the problem of the average stochastic finite-time synchronization (ASFTS) for a set of coupled neural networks (NNs) with energy-bounded noises. Due to the channel capacity constraint, the impulsive approach is introduced so as to cut down the communication times among the leader NNs and the follower NNs. Then, a nonfragile controller is designed to improve the robustness of the controller with randomly occurred uncertainty. The sufficient conditions that guarantee the ASFTS of the coupled NNs and the leader NNs are achieved. The boundary of the synchronization error is also obtained by constructing the monotonic increasing functions. Finally, the controller gains are given based on the derived conditions, and their effectiveness is illustrated by a numerical example.

This article investigates synchronization for a group of discrete-time neural networks (NNs) with the uncertain exchanging information, which is caused by the uncertain connection weights among the NNs nodes, and they are transformed into a norm-bounded uncertain Laplacian matrix. Distributed impulsive observers, which possess the advantage of reducing the communication load among NNs nodes, are designed to observe the NNs state. The impulsive controller is proposed to improve the efficiency of the controller. An impulsive augmented error system (IAES) is obtained based on the matrix Kronecker product. A sufficient condition is established to ensure synchronization of the group of NNs by proving the stability of the IAES. An iterative algorithm is given to obtain a suboptimal allowed interval of the impulsive signal, and the corresponding gains of the observer and the controller are derived. The developed result is illustrated by a numerical example.