Electric vehicles networks have become hot topics in research and industry and played an important role in smart future cities. However, high energy consumption is a significantly challenge for these applications. This article proposes a electric vehicles cloud computing framework to perform energy-efficient heterogeneous networking for electric vehicles network in smart future cities. The software-defined networking ideas is used to enable different devices including electric vehicles to access the cloud computing network for electric vehicles connected. The edge computing is exploited to run quick computing and communication for these application. Then an energy-efficient heterogeneous networking method is presented to overcome high energy consumption. The mixed integer linear programming optimization model and two heuristic models are proposed to perform energy-efficient networking. An networking algorithm is proposed to achieve highly energy-efficient networking for electric vehicles network. The detailed simulation experiments are conducted to validate our approach. Simulation results illustrate that the proposed method is efficient and feasible.

Internet of Vehicles (IoV), which plays a significantly important role in smart future cities, has become current hot research topics. However, the high heterogeneous nature of IoV has brought many new challenges such as low network performance and difficult network management for IoV. Software-defined networking enables the efficient solution of these problem. This article studies the measurement and analysis technology for software-defined networking of IoV. A new software-defined networking-based IoV heterogeneous networking measurement framework is proposed to build software-defined networking of IoV. We propose a performance measurement and analysis method to measure and characterize its performance. The performance indexes and measure methods about the delay, loss, throughput, delay jitter is in detail derived. The switch selection mechanism is proposed to establish optimal measurement points of advantage. The packet sampling process is presented to quickly obtain the needed measurement information from massive traffic flows. To validate our measurement method and fairly characterize its measurement performance for different controllers, we conduct massive simulation experiments to systematically analyze and compare current famous controllers. In such a case, we provide more comprehensive, systematic measurement analysis for application in software-defined networking of IoV. Experiments results show that our measurement approach is feasible and effective.

Abstract Internet of things (IoT) is a global information infrastructure that supports access to thousands of monitoring devices and user terminals. A large amount of monitoring data generated by IoT is integrated to cloud computing through the network to improve the quality of life of citizens. Fine‐grained and accurate traffic information is important for IoT network management. Software‐defined networking (SDN) is a centralized control plane as a logical control center, making network management more flexible and efficient. Then, we collect fine‐grained traffic information in SDN‐based IoT networks to improve network management. To acquire the traffic information with low overhead and high accuracy, first, we collect the statistics of coarse‐grained traffic of flows and fine‐grained traffic of links, and then we utilize the intelligent optimization methods to estimate the network traffic. To improve the granularity and accuracy of the acquired traffic information, we construct an optimization function with constraints to decrease the estimation errors. As the optimization function of traffic information is a non‐deterministic polynomial‐hard problem, we present a heuristic algorithm to obtain the optimal solution of the fine‐grained measurement. Finally, we conduct some simulations to verify the proposed measurement scheme. Simulation results show that our approach can improve the granularity and accuracy of traffic information with intelligent optimization methods.

Software Defined Networking (SDN) architecture satisfies the flexibility and scalability requirements of Internet of Things (IoT) network. A large amounts of IoT data is transmitted and exchanged through IoT network. However, many of services of IoT are sensitive to latency and bandwidth, so the network traffic model and measurement in IoT are different legacy networks. In this paper, we propose a robust network traffic modeling approach and use it to estimate network traffic in IoT. To obtain the measurement results with low overhead and high accuracy, we model the network traffic as liner function with noise. Then, we collect the statistics of coarse-grained traffic of flows and fine-grained traffic of links, and use the robust network traffic model to forecast the network traffic with the coarse-grained measurement of flows. In order to optimize the estimation results, we propose an optimization function to decrease the estimation errors. Since the optimization function is NP-hard problem, then we use a heuristic algorithm to obtain the optimal solution of the fine-grained measurement. Finally, we conduct some simulations to verify the proposed measurement scheme. Simulation results show that our approach is feasible and effective.

This paper uses big data technologies to study base stations' behaviors and activities and their predictability in mobile cellular networks. With new technologies quickly appearing, current cellular networks have become more larger, more heterogeneous, and more complex. This provides network managements and designs with larger challenges. How to use network big data to capture cellular network behavior and activity patterns and perform accurate predictions is recently one of main problems. To the end, firstly we exploit big data platform and technologies to analyze cellular network big data, i.e. Call Detail Records (CDRs). Our CDRs data set, which includes more than 1000 cellular towers, more than million lines of CDRs, and several million users and sustains for more than 100 days, is collected from a national cellular network. Secondly, we propose our methodology to analyze these big data. The data pre-handling and cleaning approach is proposed to obtain the valuable big data sets for our further studies. The feature extraction and call predictability methods are presented to capture base stations' behaviors and dissect their predictability. Thirdly, based on our method, we perform the detailed activity pattern analysis, including call distributions, cross correlation features, call behavior patterns, and daily activities. The detailed analysis approaches are also proposed to dig out base stations' activities. A series of findings are found and observed in the analysis process. Finally, a study case is proposed to validate the predictability of base stations' behaviors and activities. Our studies demonstrates that big data technologies can indeed be utilized to effectively capture network behaviors and predict network activities so that they can help perform highly effective network managements.

The emerging technologies for connected vehicles have become hot topics. In addition, connected vehicle applications are generally found in heterogeneous wireless networks. In such a context, user terminals face the challenge of access network selection. The method of selecting the appropriate access network is quite important for connected vehicle applications. This paper jointly considers multiple decision factors to facilitate vehicle-to-infrastructure networking, where the energy efficiency of the networks is adopted as an important factor in the network selection process. To effectively characterize users' preference and network performance, we exploit energy efficiency, signal intensity, network cost, delay, and bandwidth to establish utility functions. Then, these utility functions and multi-criteria utility theory are used to construct an energy-efficient network selection approach. We propose design strategies to establish a joint multi-criteria utility function for network selection. Then, we model network selection in connected vehicle applications as a multi-constraint optimization problem. Finally, a multi-criteria access selection algorithm is presented to solve the built model. Simulation results show that the proposed access network selection approach is feasible and effective.

Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) are powerful systems which monitor and analyze events in order to detect signs of security problems and take action to stop intrusions. In this paper, the Two Layers Multi-class Detection (TLMD) method used together with the C5.0 method and the Naive Bayes algorithm is proposed for adaptive network intrusion detection, which improves the detection rate as well as the false alarm rate. The proposed TLMD algorithm also addresses some difficulties in data mining situations such as handling imbalance datasets, dealing with continuous attributes, and reducing noise in training dataset. We compared the performance of the proposed TLMD method with that of existing algorithms, using the detection rate, accuracy as well as false alarm rate on the KDDcup99 benchmark intrusion detection dataset. The experimental results prove that the proposed TLMD method has a reduced false alarm rate and a good detection rate based on the imbalanced dataset.