Segmenting handwritten document images into regions with homogeneous patterns is an important pre-processing step for many document images analysis tasks. Hand-labeling data to train a deep learning model for layout analysis requires significant human effort. In this paper, we present an unsupervised deep learning method for page segmentation, which revokes the need for annotated images. A siamese neural network is trained to differentiate between patches using their measurable properties such as number of foreground pixels, and average component height and width. The network is trained that spatially nearby patches are similar. The network's learned features are used for page segmentation, where patches are classified as main and side text based on the extracted features. We tested the method on a dataset of handwritten document images with quite complex layouts. Our experiments show that the proposed unsupervised method is as effective as typical supervised methods.

We present an unsupervised deep learning method for text line segmentation that is inspired by the relative variance between text lines and spaces among text lines. Handwritten text line segmentation is important for the efficiency of further processing. A common method is to train a deep learning network for embedding the document image into an image of blob lines that are tracing the text lines. Previous methods learned such embedding in a supervised manner, requiring the annotation of many document images. This paper presents an unsupervised embedding of document image patches without a need for annotations. The number of foreground pixels over the text lines is relatively different from the number of foreground pixels over the spaces among text lines. Generating similar and different pairs relying on this principle definitely leads to outliers. However, as the results show, the outliers do not harm the convergence and the network learns to discriminate the text lines from the spaces between text lines. Remarkably, with a challenging Arabic handwritten text line segmentation dataset, VML-AHTE, we achieved superior performance over the supervised methods. Additionally, the proposed method was evaluated on the ICDAR 2017 and ICFHR 2010 handwritten text line segmentation datasets.

This paper presents a method for text line segmentation of challenging historical manuscript images. These manuscript images contain narrow interline spaces with touching components, interpenetrating vowel signs and inconsistent font types and sizes. In addition, they contain curved, multi-skewed and multi-directed side note lines within a complex page layout. Therefore, bounding polygon labeling would be very difficult and time consuming. Instead we rely on line masks that connect the components on the same text line. Then these line masks are predicted using a Fully Convolutional Network (FCN). In the literature, FCN has been successfully used for text line segmentation of regular handwritten document images. The present paper shows that FCN is useful with challenging manuscript images as well. Using a new evaluation metric that is sensitive to over segmentation as well as under segmentation, testing results on a publicly available challenging handwritten dataset are comparable with the results of a previous work on the same dataset.