Classical simulation methods become not flexible and performant enough in complex models, necessitating the use of a distributed simulation technique to split the load and heterogeneity into separate sub-components and manage the simulation time between them. In this type of simulation, interoperability and reusability issues arise and should be addressed. The IEEE High-Level Architecture (HLA) standard for distributed simulation emphasizes federates interoperability and reusability, as well as time management and advanced data distribution techniques. This paper presents the methodologies and techniques used to develop the HLA federates, as part of the Simulation Exploration Experience (SEE) project, to virtually recreate a mission on the moon. This project is organized by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Simulation Interoperability Standards Organization (SISO). For each SEE component, an HLA interface was developed to make it compliant with other SEE federates and reusable during the simulation run. Based on HLA mechanisms, heterogeneous components with an HLA interface were able to interexchange objects/attributes and interactions/parameters.

In order to limit greenhouse gas emissions and in the objective of the ecological transition, land-use and urban travel is a central point of interest for all metropolises. SIMUTEC is a platform that distinguishes itself from other tools by its strong transdisciplinary. It is a multisectoral agent-based simulation designed to help territories in their decision making. In this paper, we present a platform that integrates the complexity of the urban phenomenon by modeling all the fundamental mechanisms related to the occupation of space, transports and congestion. The objective of this paper is to present the platform architecture from a high-level point of view, and describe opportunities to use distributed simulation in this context. Moreover, in order to help with decision, the platform contain a 3D render engine (M-3D) and a tool for calculating indicators on energy consumption, greenhouse gas emission and pollutants

Different heterogeneous simulation components can be integrated to produce a more effective complex global system. The IEEE High-Level Architecture (HLA) is an international standard that promotes interoperability and reusability for distributed simulation (DS). This paper proposes a DS system that integrates an agent-based and discrete-event simulator with a 3D game engine to build virtual reality (VR) applications that replicate real environments. In this case study, AnyLogic is used as an agent-based and discrete event simulator to simulate the process flow and COVID-19 transmission inside the University Health Network dialysis unit, Toronto, Canada. Unity game engine delivers the 3D modelling replicating the real architecture and environment of the dialysis unit. The HLA standard plays a major role in the integration of AnyLogic and Unity to produce a more effective and powerful DS system for VR applications.