This paper presents a robust control strategy combining Space Vector Modulated Model Predictive Control (SVM2PC) with an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) for online parameter estimation in grid-connected inverters. The proposed method enhances controller adaptability by rendering it independent of precise system parameter knowledge. The EKF continuously estimates key system parameters, enabling the predictive controller to perform accurately despite inductance variations. Simulation results demonstrate that, compared to conventional SVM2PC, the proposed EKF-enhanced approach achieves superior current tracking, reduced total harmonic distortion (THD), and preserved transient performance and stability, highlighting its effectiveness in improving control robustness under parameter uncertainties.

On-board integrated battery chargers (OIBCs) have gained considerable attention due to their low volume and weight, achieved by employing the traction drive converter as the on-board charging unit. This approach eliminates the need for additional hardware, such as extra semiconductor switches or passive filter components. In this paper, a novel OIBC based on the open-winding motor (OWM) drive is introduced. The proposed OIBC configuration is designed for single-phase power grids, making it particularly suitable for direct residential charging with household power without the need for additional conversion stages. The dual-inverter-fed OWM drive transforms into a power factor correction (PFC) converter and a two-phase interleaved buck converter during charging. Due to using the interleaved structure, the proposed OIBC supports fast-charging functionality, which reduces overall charging times. This paper applies the finite control-set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) along with a disturbance observer-based (DOB) method for the currents and voltages of both PFC and interleaved converters. This integration removes the need for a separate control board or a dedicated charging control algorithm. The validation of the proposed OIBC configuration and the MPC methodology is performed in MATLAB/Simulink software.

This paper presents the synthesis of a robust Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMI) based control for a quadratic buck converter. Concretely, the paper proposes a controller that ensures some prescribed constraints on the location of poles, saturated control inputs and a certain level of disturbance rejection, while taking into account parametric uncertainties. The controller design based on LMIs is solved for the defined specification in close loop through YALMIP toolbox. Simulation results with PSIM are presented to validate the theoretical study.

The integration of WBG based high frequency inverters with ultra-high speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (PMSMs) presents unique challenges in managing Electromagnetic Interference (EMI), crucial for ensuring electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). This work presents the design and validation of EMI filters for a high frequency WBG-based bi-directional grid-tie inverter, specifically developed for ultra-high-speed PMSM applications. Without EMI filter, the inverter cannot meet the conducted emission limits in the relevant standards. By Utilizing the grid and machine side filters, the system complies within the strictest category 1 limits of IEC61800-3 for use in residential areas. Test results confirm that the new filter significantly enhances electromagnetic compatibility, reducing EMI below industry limits while maintaining inverter efficiency and dynamic response. The inverter developed and experiments conducted on ultra-high-speed 180,000 rpm, 3 kW, with 400V DC link developed on both SiC and GaN switching at 100kHz. The work’s outcomes not only further the integration of high-speed PMSMs into smart grids but also pave the way for future innovations in power electronics design. This work is expected to facilitate the wider adoption of WBG technology in critical energy infrastructure.

DC-DC conversion in electric vehicle chargers can require a single or multiple stages depending on both electrical architecture and amount of processed power. When isolation is provided by an output stage, a unidirectional isolated DC-DC converter is required. Among the possible candidates, the LLC resonant converter and the phase shifted full-bridge (FSFB) converter show several advantages which has made them preferred choices in recent literature. This paper compares the efficiency of both converters on equal basis under the variable load conditions imposed by a cycle of the conventional constant-current constant-voltage (CC-CV) charging protocol. To support the study, scale-down experimental prototypes of both converters have been implemented and evaluated in laboratory showing the superiority of the LLC resonant converter for almost the entire range of operation.

This paper presents an improved model-free control (MFC) with a modified state observer to regulate the speed in the finite-set predictive current control (FS-PCC) of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives. In the proposed method, the lumped disturbance is removed from the formulations. So, the extended state observer is not required. Instead, a function of the estimation error plays the role of the lumped disturbance. In this way, a simple yet precise disturbance estimation is achieved. Furthermore, the proposed MFC utilizes a nonlinear control law instead of the regular proportional controller to track the speed reference rapidly. The inner control loop of the drive is constructed based on the model-free FS-PCC. Thus, the overall control system is independent of the classical model of the PMSM creating a fully robust predictive control. The proposed model-free speed-controlled FS-PCC (MFSC-FS-PCC) is evaluated through simulations and experiments. The results show that the proposed method has a fast dynamic response while preserving good steady-state performance.

Model predictive torque and flux control has shown some advantages over the classical methods. However, one of the challenges that still need to be investigated is the establishment of a control balance between the torque and flux which leads to better switching state selection. Traditionally, a weighting factor is used in the classical model predictive control (MPC). There are some new techniques that tried to avoid using a weighting factor in order to select the optimal switching state. However, in most of them, new optimization problems are added to the method. In this research, a simple discrete optimization technique is proposed for weighting factor and switching state optimization. The proposed method can be applied to the full range of operating points. The simulation and experimental results show the validity of the proposed method.

Multilevel converters emerge as a promising technology for high-power medium-voltage applications due to their different advantages. On the other hand, model predictive control (MPC) is one of the control techniques that has been widely used in different applications because of its features, such as fast transient response and flexibility to include nonlinearities. The finite control set MPC (FCS-MPC) approach for a seven-level topology converter reduces the number of calculations significantly, nevertheless depends on the circuital model making it sensitive under uncertainties. On the other hand, model-free predictive control (MF-PC) has gained attention due to its accurate prediction without previous knowledge of the power system. This paper proposes MF-PC to predict the current for each phase for the seven-level topology converter. Moreover, simulation results demonstrate superior performance and feasibility of the developed control method compared to the FCS-MPC approach applied to a seven-level topology converter.

PV microinverters are the preferred choice for the integration of PV systems in rooftop applications. Among them, single stage microinverters are gaining more attention in the last years due to their inherent advantages, where differential mode inverters have been one of the mainstream proposed architectures. In this context, dual boost inverters (DBI) appears as a very attractive alternative, however, control issues and efficiency are still challenges to solve. To overcome these issues, the DBI with bypass switches and half-cycle modulation has been proposed, in order to increase the efficiency and suppress PV leakage currents. In this paper, a simple and efficient control scheme for the DBI with bypass switches is proposed. In order to validate the proposed control scheme, the DBI with bypass switches is simulated operating as PV microinverter under dynamic test conditions.

Power Optimizers are a trending solution for photovoltaic (PV) applications since they allow high energy yield performing energy conversion and distributed maximum power point tracking (DMPPT). Because of its benefits in terms of efficiency, component rating and power density, partial power converter (PPC) is a very attractive solution to operate as power optimizers. In this paper, a new reconfigurable Full-bridge-based PPC is proposed. The reconfigurable scheme allows to take advantage of both step-up PPC of Type I, and step-down PPC of Type II. In order to enlarge the operation range, the proposed converter can also be reconfigured as a classical full-power converter. Theoretical analysis of the converter is provided and simulation results show the correct operation of the proposed reconfigurable PPC, and validate its effectiveness and performances.

Solid state transformers based on modular structures have become a suitable alternative to provide high voltage rating, reliability, and fault tolerance at the distribution level. Among them, the SST based on Modular Multilevel Converter with an input-series output-parallel interconnected by Dual Active Bridges configuration appears as a good solution to reach high voltage levels at the input and large currents at the output stage. However, the parallelization of SM generates cross-circulating currents among modules. In this paper, the cross-circulating currents are controlled and mitigated by a decoupled linear control. Simulation results shown the cross-circulating currents and their dependency under mismatches in both inductance and resistances.

The behavior of Model Predictive Control (MPC) is by principle affected by the quality of the model used for the controlled system. A parameter mismatch between the plant and the controller can affect drastically the performance of MPC. This paper presents a new strategy called model-free predictive control (MF-PC) to overcome these problems. In this approach, a recursive least squares algorithm is implemented to identify the parameters of an auto-regressive with exogenous input (ARX) model, using input and output measurements of the controlled system. The proposed method enables an accurate prediction of the controlled variables without requiring detailed knowledge about the physical system. Simulation results obtained for the current control of a two-level, three-phase voltage source inverter, demonstrate that the MF-PC is exceptionally robust against the parameter variations and the model uncertainties, compared to conventional finite-control-set MPC.

Increasing the amount of energy extracted from a large-scale photovoltaic (PV) plant directly impacts its profitability. Obtaining higher energy yields depends heavily on the efficiency of the power conversion stages, but also on the configuration of the PV plant. More distributed maximum power point tracking (MPPT) among PV modules, allows maximizing the amount of energy extracted, especially under non-uniform conditions. To deal with partial shading conditions at module level, a sub-module power optimizer based on partial power converters is proposed. The configuration employs an isolated partial DC-DC power converters allowing to decouple the shaded parts from the unshaded at PV module level, maximizing the energy extracted. The behavior of the proposed configuration is verified through simulation, which is compared with a classic string configuration through analysis based on performance, improvements, and drawbacks of the proposed structure under mismatching scenarios.

Microgrids have become an alternative to increase the controlability and resilience of the electrical system due to the local and efficient energy management they provide. Additionally, when the microgrid has a main DC bus it does not require synchronization hence the control scheme is simplified allowing to improve the dynamics of currents and voltages. These DC microgrids are usually controlled using a three-level hierarchical scheme associated to different elements in the microgrid in which the third control level optimizes the operation of the whole microgrid in term of costs and efficiency. In this paper a tertiary control level is proposed for a DC microgrid which optimizes its operation in terms of costs but at the same time takes into account restrictions of the grid connection and battery state of charge. Simulation results with realistic operating conditions show a good performance in terms of dynamic response and steady state operation while an optimize economic operation is achieved.

Commercial photovoltaic microinverter topologies are normally composed of two stages: a step-up dc-dc stage and a step-down dc-ac stage. Nevertheless, to achieve high-ratio conversion, a high frequency transformer is used in the dc-dc stage, resulting in a bulky configuration with a high cost of implementation. To minimize these issues, a single stage boost inverter is proposed, composed by two bidirectional boost dc-dc converter. The control of this topology is complex due to its high non-linearity behaviour. Therefore, this paper presents a control methodology based on Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control (FCS-MP) algorithm with predictions of the system variables through the inverter model and an optimization process. Each boost dc-dc converter of the inverter is regulated to achieve an output signal composed of the sinusoidal wave with a dc bias. The main features of the boost inverter and predictive control are analysed. Simulations are shown in order to validate the proposed control and the converter for grid-connected PV applications.

Small grid-connected PV-systems are quite usual in domestic roofs, but urban integration is still an open issue for wind systems. Similarly to grid PV systems, direct grid injection in a wind system requires two stages, a PFC boost rectifier and a grid-tie inverter. Nevertheless, although a buck inverter is a common choice in many grid PV systems, this topology imposing a minimum DC-Link voltage complicates the boost stage design, because the voltage variation range of a wind alternator, greater than the variation margin of a PV-array, would be absorbed only by the first converter. Consequently, we propose to share the voltage gain between both processor stages, using step-up voltage inverter instead of a buck one. In this work, boost and buck-boost based inverters are analyzed, and finally, a sliding mode controlled boost inverter with bipolar operation is proposed. To demonstrate the feasibility of this proposal, some relevant experimental results from a 1kW inverter prototype are given.

A battery-supplied, DC-HID lamp ballast, inspired on the Loss Free Resistor (LFR) concept is presented here. It consists of two stages. The first one, a boost converter, behaves like a constant power source. The second one, a switched capacitor boost converter is the ignitor circuit. The cascade connection of both converters results in a transformerless ballast able to reach a voltage of 6 kV from 12 V batteries. Among the ballast advantages we find: no light flickering, warm-up time reduction, no aging effects on lamp power, easy dimming control, and absence of acoustic resonance (AR) problems. The proposed system is compared with other existing solutions in the literature. After, the ballast dynamics, at both operation modes, is analyzed and simulated. The results achieved with one DC-HID lamp of 250 W demonstrate experimentally the feasibility of the proposed approach, where extreme voltage gains are achieved without a transformer. Besides of the expected functions of ignition and steady-state operation, the proposed circuit also includes other usual ballast features as diverse protections.