Ethnocomputing describes the study of computational ideas and thinking as they appear in the artifacts, epistemologies, designs, and practices of temporally and spatially situated communities (e.g., from computational scientists to textile artisans). It is also about how such communities embed their beliefs and values within computational artifacts. One outcome of ethnocomputing research is the demonstration of how Indigenous and diasporic communities have dynamic computational histories and innovations that are relevant to computer science and computer science education today. From lessons on e-textiles and Native American botanical knowledge to visual programming environments that reveal the algorithms of cornrow braiding in the Black diaspora, this has allowed for anti-racist challenges to white supremacist myths of primitivism in primary and secondary computer science education. While there are studies about how ethnocomputing tools and lessons shape children's attitudes toward and knowledge of computing, there is no research on what computer science teachers think about one of ethnocomputing's foundational assumptions: computational ideas and thinking are embedded within Indigenous and vernacular artifacts, epistemologies, designs, and practices. This paper reports findings from interviews with 14 K12 computer science teachers who had been exposed to ethnocomputing educational technologies and activities. From our qualitative analyses, we found that most (n=12) teachers believed that Indigenous and/or vernacular artisans think computationally. We detail their lines of reasoning before turning toward teachers who had ambivalent (n=1) or negative (n=1) positions about this assumption of ethnocomputing research. We discuss the implications of these findings for anti-racist K12 computer science teacher professional development.

Race and gender are crucial concepts in the computer science (CS) education research community's broadening participation efforts and scholarship. They help to critique the ways that white supremacy, anti-Blackness, and patriarchy structure and discipline CS classrooms and workplaces. In addition, attention to race and gender has helped to reimagine and redesign CS education to be more culturally responsive and sustaining for marginalized students. This panel builds on these foundational efforts by starting a conversation about what a more intentional focus on the concept of class and its connections to political economy can offer researchers and educators who are committed to more race and gender inclusivity, diversity, and equity in CS education across primary, secondary, and post-secondary levels. What might the concept introduce into intersectional analyses of the exclusionary structures of the education-to-workforce CS ''pipeline''? How might class be defined to help redesign CS education to affirm the identities of racially marginalized students from working class communities? How might the language of class provide new insights into the ways that racism, sexism, and ableism shape CS education? What might the operationalization of the concept help to reveal about the economic interests that underpin mainstream CS curricula and education policies? And how might class help CS professionals and educators understand their own social positions? Through a discussion with researchers and practitioners from different disciplinary backgrounds and theoretical orientations, this panel seeks to provide a foundation for more intentional and rigorous engagements with the concept of class within the CS education research community.

Justice-centered computing scholarship has made significant efforts in broadening the participation of underrepresented groups, particularly along the lines of race, gender, and class. However, the role of immigrant students' national identities in these efforts have been largely ignored. In this lightning talk, we present preliminary findings from an ongoing study that explores the perspectives of computer science teachers - who work in classrooms with students from diverse national backgrounds - about national identity and national culture. The study examines how these computer science teachers understand the role of students' national identities and national cultures within the CS classroom. Our study was guided by the following research question: how do computer science teachers understand the national identities and national cultures of their students? We focus on three findings: first, the role that teachers place on national identity and national culture in students' sense of self, second, the ways in which teachers understand how national culture intersects with students' family cultures and age groups, and third, the influence of national identity and national culture on students' learning experiences within the classroom. These insights provide nuanced perspectives to broadening participation efforts in computer science education.

Neoliberal capitalism - the favoring of privatization, marketization, and deregulation of public resources - is hegemonic in education. It shapes our institutions and everyday life, including educational practices. The increasing push for market driven computing curriculum and large tech companies' involvement in research grants and educational programs are some examples of neoliberal influences in CS education. It is not only industry and industry-backed not-for-profits such as Code.org that reify neoliberal agendas, but in many cases, our very own communities, educational institutions, and curricula. Thus, a critical and reflective examination of our educational practices is necessary. In this Birds-of-a-Feather (BoF) session, we aim to conduct reflections and discussions on the role and influence of neoliberal capitalism in computing education. We will explore 1) the influence of deregulation, 2) public-private partnerships, 3) state-subsidized corporate wealth accumulation, and 4) centralization on pedagogy, research, and academic "success". We will discover reflective questions and practices that could help us critically examine our roles and responsibilities as computing educators and professionals. Eventually, we hope to begin a larger conversation and form a community to develop collective strategies and pedagogical ideologies to resist neoliberal influences, reimagine alternatives, and repair damages caused by neoliberal computing education.

Culturally responsive computing scholars often use the metaphor and heuristic of intersectionality to address issues of race and gender in research with Black, Brown, and Indigenous children in U.S. K12 computer science (CS) education. This has led to critical analyses that reveal the inequitable conditions that children of color face in CS education. Intersectionality has also supported curricular innovations and interventions that aim to make CS education more equitable by being responsive to children's identities and communities. However, the concept of class has received less attention than race and gender by culturally responsive computing scholars who draw on intersectionality in their CS education research. How might class fit into intersectional research and theory in culturally responsive computing scholarship? The objective of this paper is to answer this question with a proof-of-concept study that tests the feasibility of what we call worker-driven computing education. We introduce findings from our research and collaborations with current, once, and retired autoworkers in Detroit, Michigan to define the computational thinking idea of automation from their perspectives. Through analyzing qualitative data, a worker-driven definition of automation was developed by drawing on autoworker-expertise about the points of production in the auto-industry. Our findings reveal how this definition focuses on introducing automation in the context of lifelong learning about how to communicate and work across divisions of labor to make workplaces safe, healthy, and efficient.

Efforts in the United States to broaden the participation of racial and ethnic minorities in K12 computer science (CS) education often focus on the need for children to change themselves to meet the standards and norms of traditional computing education. Less attention has been paid to how CS education itself might change and adapt to cultural contexts and locations that children already participate in and find of value. In this paper, we describe efforts to change the shape and culture of CS education by designing and implementing it in and for a youth boxing gym in an African American community. We report findings from a boxing inspired CS curriculum that was designed in collaboration with boxing coaches, mentors, and academic staff members at the gym. It was piloted over the course of two six-hour workshops with 15 middle and high school age children. We focused on two issues that are relevant to broadening participation and reshaping the culture of CS education: (1) how the curriculum changed children's perceptions of CS and (2) the creative adaptations that children made to the curricular content and materials. An analysis of pre- and post-surveys using a nonparametric test showed significant positive changes in children's responses to the constructs of self-confidence and expression with CS. Vignettes of children appropriating and personalizing technologies from the workshops are used to unpack these findings. We end with a discussion about the implications of these findings for culture-based CS education in both school and community contexts.

Even though there has been over a decade of work to broaden the participation of Black boys in computer science (CS) education, underrepresentation persists. In this Lightning Talk, we propose a new strategy for broadening participation that seeks to design CS education from the bottom up by turning to cultural locations that are already valued at the local community level. In this case we turn to the location of the local barbershop. The histories and cultures of Black barbers and barbershops reveal how they are sources of cultural, social, economic, technological, and political wealth within Black communities. We explain the Barbershop Computing project which builds on these sources of wealth in the design of culturally responsive and relevant K12 CS education. We begin by highlighting the barbershop as a source of wealth and how public health and literacy campaigns have partnered with Black barbers to diffuse skills and knowledge. We then pose the question: In what ways might Black barbers and barbershops contribute to broadening the participation of Black boys in CS? We show two ongoing Barbershop Computing projects that have developed CS educational activities based on the knowledge, skills, and practices of barbers. The first builds on barbers' design knowledge, using a visual programming environment to simulate designs that barbers shave into their clients' hair. The second builds on the mechanical knowledge of barbers in relationship to their clippers and trimmers. Using physical computing, the activities support engineering and CS skills through modeling motors found in clippers and trimmers

This introduction welcomes readers to the second volume of an ACM TOCE special issue on justice-centered computing education. Here we reflect on the ways both the first volume and this current volume expand our notions of justice. More specifically, the first volume explored topics such as intersectionality, transformational justice, intercultural computing, ethnocomputing, translanguaging, socially responsible computing, and institutional theory. This volume continues the conversation with its focus on decolonization, racial literacy with white computing educators, youth agency and voice in computing and media production, learning pathways focused on justice issues for a rural Mexican American youth, and Universal Design for Learning in CS education. We end with discussing the important issues, topics, and voices that are missing from these two volumes, and potential future directions for dialogue in our community.

Students’ lives, both in and out of school, are full of different forms of value. Wealthy students enjoy value in the form of financial capital; their fit to hegemonic social practices; excellent health care and so on. Low-income students, especially those from African American, Native American, and Latinx communities, often lack access to those resources. But there are other forms of value that low-income students do possess. Most examples of what we will call Counter-Hegemonic Practice (CHP) in the African American community involve some mixture of Indigenous African heritage, contemporary innovation in the Black community, and other influences. Moving between these value forms and the computing classroom is a non-trivial task, especially if we are to avoid merely using the appearance of culture to attract students. Our objective in this paper is to provide a framework for deeper investigations into the computational potentials for CHP; its potential as a link between education and community development; and a more dignified role for its utilization in the CS classroom. We report on a series of collaborative engagements with CHP, largely focused on African American communities.

The ideas we offer below for considering justice-centered computing education point to a broad array of problem-spaces, contexts, and communities that scholars, educators, technologists, and activists might engage with. In exploring and deepening the conversation around this project, the seven articles included in the first volume of this special issue employ diverse theoretical perspectives, methodologies, and frameworks, including but not limited to intersectionality, transformational justice, intercultural computing, ethnocomputing, translanguaging, socially responsible computing, and institutional theory. Across them, rather than consensus on a narrow set of issues, we see the possibilities of a pluralistic and wide-ranging conversation about how we might constitute the meanings of “justice-centered” within computing education, the tools that might be used to produce such meanings, and the actions that might address them.

Broadening the participation of underrepresented students in computer science fields requires careful design and implementation of culturally responsive curricula and technologies. Culturally Situated Design Tools (CSDTs) address this by engaging students in historic, cultural, and meaningful design projects based on community practices. To date, CSDT research has only been conducted in short interventions outside of CS classrooms. This paper reports on the first semester-long introductory CS course based on CSDTs, which was piloted with 51 high school students during the 2017-2018 school year. The goal of this study was to examine if a culturally responsive computing curriculum could teach computer science principles and improve student engagement. Pre-post tests, field notes, weekly teacher meetings, formative assessments, and teacher and student interviews were analyzed to assess successes and failures during implementation. The results indicate students learned the conceptual material in 6 months rather than in the 9 months previously required by the teacher. Students were also able to apply these concepts afterward when programming in Python, implying knowledge transfer. However, student opinions about culture and computing didn't improve, and student engagement was below initial expectations. Thus we explore some of the many challenges: keeping a fully integrated cultural curriculum while satisfying CS standards, maintaining student engagement, and building student agency and self-regulation. We end with a brief description for how we intend to address some of these challenges in the second iteration of this program, scheduled for fall 2018. After which a study is planned to compare this curriculum to others.