The transportation sector's transition towards climate neutrality depends upon a substantial expansion of the charging infrastructure, particularly in densely populated urban areas where private charging options are limited. This study represents a contribution to the STRALI research project, which is concerned with the analysis of charging behavior and charging infrastructure in two districts of the city of Essen. To achieve this objective, a microscopic traffic flow simulation was developed in SUMO. This was accomplished by combining open data sources and real-world traffic data. A dedicated algorithm was developed to model user charging behavior, distinguishing between critical charging during the trip and convenience-oriented charging at the destination. The validation of the simulation results against real-world data demonstrates a high degree of agreement with regard to the duration of occupancy and the frequency of use of the charging points. The analysis identifies existing gaps in infrastructure coverage and provides a scientifically sound basis for future site optimization. The model also enables the simulation of future electric mobility ramp-up scenarios, facilitating proactive planning for public infrastructure needs and supporting the urban mobility transition at the local level.

Abstract Trust is a multi-faceted phenomenon traditionally studied in human relations and more recently in human-machine interactions. In the context of AI-enabled systems, trust is about the belief of the user that in a given scenario the system is going to be helpful and safe. The system-side counterpart to trust is trustworthiness. When trust and trustworthiness are aligned with each other, there is calibrated trust. Trust, trustworthiness, and calibrated trust are all dynamic phenomena, evolving throughout the history and evolution of user beliefs, systems, and their interaction. In this paper, we review the basic concepts of trust, trustworthiness and calibrated trust and provide definitions for them. We discuss their various metrics used in the literature, and the causes that may affect their dynamics, particularly in the context of AI-enabled systems. We discuss the implications of the discussed concepts for various types of stakeholders and suggest some challenges for future research.

Given the pervasive integration of technology into everyday life and its importance in mitigating the negative consequences of global crises, an understanding of human adaptation and preceding cognitive abilities remains highly relevant. A systematic review synthesising empirical findings on the association of executive functions (EFs) and the adaptation to new technologies is currently lacking in the literature. The presented pre-registered, systematic review adheres to PRISMA 2020 guidelines and aims to extract the current state of research on this topic [Registration DOI:10.17605/OSF.IO/MKA82]. Empirical studies investigating the influence of EFs on human adaptation were eligible for inclusion, resulting in 11 studies and 3,733 participants among PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and PsycINFO. Results suggest an enhancing influence of EFs on the adaptation to new technologies, although findings were partially mixed. Inconsistent findings and the performed risk of bias assessment point toward a need for further high-quality research, e.g. on the influence of technological context. A model of possible covariates was proposed that provides guidance for a structured investigation of the process of human adaptation to technology. This review contributes to a better understanding of the association between EFs and human adaptation to new technologies.

Autonomous vehicle technology (AV) is rapidly evolving, and numerous studies have already dealt with influencing factors of acceptance of AVs. Subjective knowledge (SK) has been highlighted as a relevant factor in predicting trust and acceptance. However, it has not been integrated at the model level, which is the aim of the present study. In addition, the present study investigated the increase of SK using an explainer video. In an online study, participants (N = 435) watched a four-minute explainer video about AVs. Before and after the video, participants were asked about their SK about AVs and then completed questionnaires on perceived risk, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, trust, intention to use, and personal innovativeness. The results indicate that SK is a crucial factor in improving perception and, indirectly, trust and acceptance of AVs. In addition, the increase in SK depended on the initial SK.

Truck platoon driving technology uses vehicle-to-vehicle communication to allow one truck to follow another in an automated fashion. The first vehicle is operated manually, the second vehicle is driven semi-automatically once platoon-mode is activated. In this mode, the driver merely has to monitor traffic. Semi-automated driving in passenger cars has been shown to increase driver sleepiness and reduce situation awareness. The aim of the present study was to gain first insights whether this also applies to semi-automated platoon driving and whether platoon-specific situations pose special visual demands. In a first on-road experiment, ten professional truck drivers experienced a two-vehicle platooning system on a German highway as platoon follower or leader. In addition, all drivers conducted reference drives with a single truck. Driver situation awareness was measured with eye-tracking recordings, perceived sleepiness with subjective ratings. The results showed that the lead vehicle drivers kept their eyes less time on the road ahead as compared to normal truck driving. In particular in situations that required decoupling, drivers (in the lead vehicle as well as in the following vehicle) spent about 40% of fixations on the HMI. That is, situation awareness was reduced, amounting to potentially risky behavior, as the platoon goes blindfolded when both drivers attend to the display. Drivers did not report higher perceived sleepiness in semi-automated platoon drives than in the manual reference drives. Adequate solutions to reduce the time spent looking away from the road are required. Head-up displays should be investigated for this purpose, as they can simplify driver communication and present platoon-specific information while the eyes remain on the road.