Mobile text entry is difficult for people with motor impairments due to limited access to smartphones and the need for precise target selection on touchscreens. Text entry on smartwatches, on the other hand, has not been well explored for the population. Crownboard enables people with limited dexterity enter text on a smartwatch using its crown. It uses an alphabetical layout divided into eight zones around the bezel. The zones are scanned either automatically or manually by rotating the crown, then selected by pressing the crown. Crownboard decodes zone sequences into words and displays word suggestions. We validated its design in multiple studies. First, a comparison between manual and automated scanning revealed that manual scanning is faster and more accurate. Second, a comparison between clockwise and shortest-path scanning identified the former to be faster and more accurate. In the final study with representative users, only 30% participants could use the default Qwerty. They were 9% and 23% faster with manual and automated Crownboard, respectively. All participants were able to use both variants of Crownboard.

GeShort is a novel method for one-handed text editing and formatting on mobile devices. It uses simple rules to facilitate direct cursor positioning, gestural shortcuts inspired by keyboard hotkeys for editing and formatting, and a floating clipboard to enable delayed, repeated, and block editing. A comparison between GeShort and the default Google keyboard revealed that users perform editing and formatting tasks about 11% and 22% faster, respectively, with GeShort. This is achieved by significantly reducing selection time by 11% and action time by 17%. A second study comparing the clipboard features of the two methods revealed that users perform advanced editing tasks 34% faster with GeShort. Besides, participants find GeShort less onerous in mental demand, physical demand, and effort, which likely contribute to the overall performance gain. They also perceive GeShort as faster and easier to use, feel that its functions are better integrated, thus want to keep using it on their devices.

Senorita is a novel two-thumb virtual chorded keyboard for mobile devices. It arranges the letters on eight keys in a single row by the bottom edge of the device based on letter frequencies and the anatomy of the thumbs. Unlike most chorded methods, it provides visual cues to perform the chording actions in sequence, instead of simultaneously, when the actions are unknown, facilitating "learning by doing". Its compact design leaves most of the screen available and its position near the edge accommodates eyes-free text entry. In a longitudinal study with a smartphone, Senorita yielded on average 14 wpm. In a short-term study with a tablet, it yielded on average 9.3 wpm. In the final longitudinal study, it yielded 3.7 wpm with blind users, surpassing their Qwerty performance. Low vision users yielded 5.8 wpm. Further, almost all users found Senorita effective, easy to learn, and wanted to keep use it.