Driven by the rapid growth and prevalent use of social media, social media phishing has become an increasingly serious threat due to its wide-ranging disruptive potential. Researchers believe that optimism bias – where one tends to judge his or her own chance of experiencing a negative event to be lower than that of others – can partly explain the discrepancies between one’s knowledge about threats and the actual behaviours taken to mitigate such threats. Therefore, the current study sought to explore social media phishing from the perspective of optimism bias. More specifically, we focused on a demonstration of optimism bias regarding being phished on social media, what leads to this bias, and the extent to which it ultimately influences users’ intention to take preventive measures against social media phishing. The results showed that individuals displayed optimism bias of being phished on TikTok, that perceived controllability over phishing on TikTok increased optimism bias, and that TikTok addiction reduced optimism bias. While optimism bias had no effect on the intention to take preventive measures against social media phishing on TikTok, information security awareness exerted a positive effect on this intention.

Security education, training, and awareness (SETA) is one of the most common and prominent strategies for organizational security governance. However, only a small portion of practitioners claimed that their SETA programs were “very effective”. A possible reason for this is the lack of a systematic understanding of the nature of SETA programs, the paths through which SETA impacts employees’ security-related beliefs or behavioral intentions, and the conditions that might influence such a relationship. This study argues that a comprehensive literature review regarding SETA is vital for holistically investigating the findings of previous SETA research and unveiling the characteristics and factors that influence the effectiveness of SETA. A total of 80 articles, published between 1998 and 2020, were included to conduct an in-depth systematic review on SETA.

Motion control and planning for the manipulator are critical components in manipulator teleoperation. Online (real-time) motion control is challenging for active obstacle avoidance and often results in fluctuating and unsafe motion. Offline motion planning, on the other hand, generates precise and secure trajectories for complex manipulation. In this paper, a real-time nonlinear model predictive control based motion planner (NMPC-MP) is designed for teleoperated manipulation. In contrast to traditional NMPC-based approaches, our model considers a complex environment with dynamic obstacles. Our multi-threaded NMPC-MP allows for real-time planning, including dynamic objects. We evaluate our approach both in a simulated environment and with real-world experiments using the Kinova®Movo platform. The comparison to state-of-the-art approaches (e.g., RRT-Connect, CHOMP, and STOMP) shows a significant improvement in real-time motion planning using NMPC-MP. In real-world tests, the proposed planner was applied on a human-shaped dual manipulator setup. Our results show that the NMPC-MP runs in real-time and generates smooth and reliable trajectories. The experiments validate that the planner is able to precisely track active goals from the teleoperator while avoiding self-collision and obstacles.