The paper presents an enhanced fractional IMC controller for fractional order dead-time systems (FODT) which satisfy desired phase margin$\varphi_{m}$and gain-crossover frequency$\omega_{gc}$. The proposed fractional controller is gained by embedding Smith predictor in IMC structure which results in combined effect of transport-delay compensation and fractional filter for strengthened control of FODT processes. Therefore, the novel controller obtained is segregated into a fractional filter cascaded with a fractional order controller. The proposed methodology is implemented for FODT-I and FODT-II systems to demonstrate the overall closed-loop response. The comparative analysis of the proposed method with other fractional controllers are presented here. The simulations are based on performance indices values, reference tracking ability and disturbance rejection. Stability analysis and robustness test are also performed to study the qualitative analysis of the proposed controller.

Failure studies are important in revealing the root causes, behaviors, and life cycle of defects in software systems. These studies either focus on understanding the characteristics of defects in specific classes of systems, or the characteristics of a specific type of defect in the systems it manifests in. Failure studies have influenced various software engineering research directions, especially in the area of software evolution, defect detection, and program repair.