Safe production is of great significance in the process industry like the wind energy conversion (WEC) systems. An unexpected fault in part of the WEC system can damage the entire mechanical system, resulting in huge economic losses and even catastrophic failures. Therefore, this paper proposes an effective neural networks-based ensemble approach for fault de-tection and diagnosis (FDD) of WEC systems. The main contributions are twofold: first, an ensemble learning technique based on the combination of different neural network (ANN, CFNN, and GFNN) into one optimal model are developed in order to distinguish between the different WEC systems operating modes. Then, in order to enhance the results in terms of computation time and storage cost, a reduced version of the proposed neural network-based ensemble technique is presented. The main idea behind this proposal is to use the Hierarchical K-means (H-K-means) clustering to extract only the most significant samples from raw data. Then, the reduced data are introduced as inputs to the proposed neural network-based ensemble technique method to deal with the problem of fault classification. The experimental results demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed FDD techniques.

In this paper, new fault detection and di-agnosis (FDD) techniques dealing with uncertainties in wind energy conversion (WEC) systems are proposed. The uncertainty is addressed by using the interval-valued data representation. The main contributions are twofold: first, to simplify the Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) model in terms of training and computation time and storage cost as well, a reduced version of RNN is proposed. Reduced RNN is established on the H-K-means algorithms to treat the correlations between samples and extract a reduced number of observations from the training data matrix. The main idea behind using H-K-means algorithms for dataset size reduction is to simplify the RNN model in terms of training and computation time. Second, two reduced RNN-based interval-valued data techniques are proposed to distinguish between the different WEC system operating modes. Therefore, two reduced RNN-based interval centers and ranges and interval upper and lower bounds techniques are proposed to deal with the WEC system uncertainties. The presented results confirm the high feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed FDD techniques.