One of the most well-known security risks in wireless mobile ad hoc networks is the Black Hole Attack. Because the route-finding procedure is required and unavoidable, the intruders take advantage of the loophole to carry out their nefarious activities. Many researchers have experimented with various detection approaches in order to suggest various detection strategies. In this study, we review current solutions and explore cutting-edge routing techniques. We categorize these approaches into single and collaborative Black Hole Attacks, we also assess the categories of these solutions. In anticipation, we anticipate providing additional researchers with comprehensive work.

Abstract Ransomware is a type of malware that has spread rapidly over the last 4 years, causing significant damage, especially in Windows environments. It is designed to encrypt or block victim's data, including documents, backups, and databases, unless a ransom is paid. In this study, the authors present the results of their research on Windows crypto‐ransomware during the last 3 years by exploring and discussing the relevant ransomware behaviours. The results of this study can be used to identify or to detect the ransomware. Indeed, these behaviours were extracted from in‐depth manual analysis of more than 20 ransomware families, including the known and the recent families. In addition, some extracted behaviours were automatically searched for more than 200 different ransomware collected during 2019.

International audience

We present a steganographic protocol based on linear error-block codes. Recent works have showed that these codes allow to increase the number of information carrier bits within a given cover by exploiting multiple bit planes (not only LSB plane) from pixels which would not have a perceptible influence on the cover. We employ a parameter, called heterogeneity, to assess the ability of pixels to be modified without perturbing the cover. The quality of the modified cover is handled by tuning a vector of heterogeneity thresholds which determines the number of bit planes that we are allowed to use for each pixel in the cover.