Due to the heterogeneity in cancer patients, accurate prediction of cancer drug response is key to achieving personalized medicine. The biological differences between cell lines and tumor tissues, as well as the domain shift caused by diverse drug mechanisms of action, make it difficult for existing methods to effectively capture the complex relationships between multimodal features. In this study, we propose a multimodal feature fusion and feature disentanglement model, named MDCDR. The model effectively integrates various modalities of drugs and cell lines. By employing an interaction-level feature disentanglement framework that integrates multi-granularity contrastive learning and feature masking prediction, we successfully achieve effective synergy between shared common patterns and specific preserved patterns at the drug-cell line interaction level. Experiments show that MDCDR significantly outperforms existing methods on benchmarks and independent clinical test sets, and exhibits good generalization to new cell lines and drugs. Furthermore, case studies on Acute Myeloid Leukemia demonstrate MDCDR's capacity to elucidate pathway-drug associations, offering biologically interpretable guidance for precision treatment.

Multi-modal time series analysis has recently emerged as a prominent research area, driven by the increasing availability of diverse data modalities, such as text, images, and structured tabular data from real-world sources. However, effective analysis of multi-modal time series is hindered by data heterogeneity, modality gap, misalignment, and inherent noise. Recent advancements in multi-modal time series methods have exploited the multi-modal context via cross-modal interactions based on deep learning methods, significantly enhancing various downstream tasks. In this tutorial and survey, we present a systematic and up-to-date overview of multi-modal time series datasets and methods. We first state the existing challenges of multi-modal time series analysis and our motivations, with a brief introduction of preliminaries. Then, we summarize the general pipeline and categorize existing methods through a unified cross-modal interaction framework encompassing fusion, alignment, and transference at different levels (i.e., input, intermediate, output), where key concepts and ideas are highlighted. We also discuss the real-world applications of multi-modal analysis for both standard and spatial time series, tailored to general and specific domains. Finally, we discuss future research directions to help practitioners explore and exploit multi-modal time series. The up-to-date resources are provided in the GitHub repository. https://github.com/UConn-DSIS/Multi-modal-Time-Series-Analysis.

The interest in linear complexity models for large language models is on the rise, although their scaling capacity remains uncertain.In this study, we present the scaling laws for linear complexity language models to establish a foundation for their scalability.Specifically, we examine the scaling behaviors of three efficient linear architectures.These include TNL (Qin et al., 2024c), a linear attention model with data-independent decay; HGRN2 (Qin et al., 2024e), a linear RNN with data-dependent decay; and cosFormer2 (Qin et al., 2022b(Qin et al., , 2024a)), a linear attention model without decay.We also include LLaMA as a baseline architecture for comparison with softmax attention.These models were trained with six variants, ranging from 70M to 7B parameters on a 300B-token corpus, and evaluated with a total of 1,376 intermediate checkpoints on various downstream tasks.These tasks include validation loss, commonsense reasoning, and information retrieval and generation.The study reveals that existing linear complexity language models exhibit similar scaling capabilities as conventional transformer-based models while also demonstrating superior linguistic proficiency and knowledge retention.

The fundamental success of large language models hinges upon the efficacious implementation of large-scale distributed training techniques. Nevertheless, building a vast, high-performance cluster featuring high-speed communication interconnectivity is prohibitively costly, and accessible only to prominent entities. In this work, we aim to lower this barrier and democratize large-scale training with limited bandwidth clusters. We propose a new approach called CO2 that introduces local-updating and asynchronous communication to the distributed data-parallel training, thereby facilitating the full overlap of COmmunication with COmputation. CO2 is able to attain a high scalability even on extensive multi-node clusters constrained by very limited communication bandwidth. We further propose the staleness gap penalty and outer momentum clipping techniques together with CO2 to bolster its convergence and training stability. Besides, CO2 exhibits seamless integration with well-established ZeRO-series optimizers which mitigate memory consumption of model states with large model training. We also provide a mathematical proof of convergence, accompanied by the establishment of a stringent upper bound. Furthermore, we validate our findings through an extensive set of practical experiments encompassing a wide range of tasks in the fields of computer vision and natural language processing. These experiments serve to demonstrate the capabilities of CO2 in terms of convergence, generalization, and scalability when deployed across configurations comprising up to 128 A100 GPUs. The outcomes emphasize the outstanding capacity of CO2 to hugely improve scalability, no matter on clusters with 800Gbps RDMA or 80Gbps TCP/IP inter-node connections.

We present Lightning Attention, the first linear attention implementation that maintains a constant training speed for various sequence lengths under fixed memory consumption. Due to the issue with cumulative summation operations (cumsum), previous linear attention implementations cannot achieve their theoretical advantage in a casual setting. However, this issue can be effectively solved by utilizing different attention calculation strategies to compute the different parts of attention. Specifically, we split the attention calculation into intra-blocks and inter-blocks and use conventional attention computation for intra-blocks and linear attention kernel tricks for inter-blocks. This eliminates the need for cumsum in the linear attention calculation. Furthermore, a tiling technique is adopted through both forward and backward procedures to take full advantage of the GPU hardware. To enhance accuracy while preserving efficacy, we introduce TransNormerLLM (TNL), a new architecture that is tailored to our lightning attention. We conduct rigorous testing on standard and self-collected datasets with varying model sizes and sequence lengths. TNL is notably more efficient than other language models. In addition, benchmark results indicate that TNL performs on par with state-of-the-art LLMs utilizing conventional transformer structures. The source code is released at github.com/OpenNLPLab/TransnormerLLM.

The Text to Audible-Video Generation (TAVG) task involves generating videos with accompanying audio based on text descriptions. Achieving this requires skillful alignment of both audio and video elements. To support research in this field, we have developed a comprehensive Text to Audible-Video Generation Benchmark (TAVGBench), which contains over 1.7 million clips with a total duration of 11.8 thousand hours. We propose an automatic annotation pipeline to ensure each audible video has detailed descriptions for both its audio and video contents. We also introduce the Audio-Visual Harmoni score (AVHScore) to provide a quantitative measure of the alignment between the generated audio and video modalities. Additionally, we present a baseline model for TAVG called TAVDiffusion, which uses a two-stream latent diffusion model to provide a fundamental starting point for further research in this area. We achieve the alignment of audio and video by employing cross-attention and contrastive learning. Through extensive experiments and evaluations on TAVGBench, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed model under both conventional metrics and our proposed metrics. The dataset and code can be found on this page https://npucvr.github.io/TAVGBench/ and on github https://github.com/OpenNLPLab/TAVGBench.

We explore a new task for audio-visual-language modeling called fine-grained audible video description (FAVD). It aims to provide detailed textual descriptions for the given audible videos, including the appearance and spatial locations of each object, the actions of moving objects, and the sounds in videos. Existing visual-language modeling tasks often concentrate on visual cues in videos while undervaluing the language and audio modalities. On the other hand, FAVD requires not only audio-visual-language modeling skills but also paragraph-level language generation abilities. We construct the first fine-grained audible video description benchmark (FAVDBench) to facilitate this research. For each video clip, we first provide a one-sentence summary of the video, i.e., the caption, followed by 4–6 sentences describing the visual details and 1–2 audio-related descriptions at the end. The descriptions are provided in both English and Chinese. We create two new metrics for this task: an EntityScore to gauge the completeness of entities in the visual descriptions, and an AudioScore to assess the audio descriptions. As a preliminary approach to this task, we propose an audio-visual-language transformer that extends existing video captioning model with an additional audio branch. We combine the masked language modeling and auto-regressive language modeling losses to optimize our model so that it can produce paragraph-level descriptions. We illustrate the efficiency of our model in audio-visual-language modeling by evaluating it against the proposed benchmark using both conventional captioning metrics and our proposed metrics. We further put our benchmark to the test in video generation models, demonstrating that employing fine-grained video descriptions can create more intricate videos than using captions. Code and dataset are available at https://github.com/OpenNLPLab/FAVDBench. Our online benchmark is available at www.avlbench.opennlplab.cn.

Deep learning (DL) models are widely used to provide a more convenient and smarter life. However, biased algorithms will negatively influence us. For instance, groups targeted by biased algorithms will feel unfairly treated and even fearful of negative consequences of these biases. This work targets biased generative models' behaviors, identifying the cause of the biases and eliminating them. We can (as expected) conclude that biased data causes biased predictions of face frontalization models. Varying the proportions of male and female faces in the training data can have a substantial effect on behavior on the test data: we found that the seemingly obvious choice of 50:50 proportions was not the best for this dataset to reduce biased behavior on female faces, which was 71% unbiased as compared to our top unbiased rate of 84%. Failure in generation and generating incorrect gender faces are two behaviors of these models. In addition, only some layers in face frontalization models are vulnerable to biased datasets. Optimizing the skip-connections of the generator in face frontalization models can make models less biased. We conclude that it is likely to be impossible to eliminate all training bias without an unlimited size dataset, and our experiments show that the bias can be reduced and quantified. We believe the next best to a perfect unbiased predictor is one that has minimized the remaining known bias.