In this paper, we present an integrated approach that combines data and information sources from different domains to better capture the potential effects of a pandemic and to improve preparedness of critical infrastructures and decision makers in the future.This approach not only takes epidemiological data on a pathogen into account but also allows to simulate the cascading effects of the pandemic itself as well as the mitigation measures might have on the operation of CIs from various domains and, consequently, on the well-being of the society.Additionally, these effects can influence the operational capacity and economic well-being of CIs.Hence, the approach also projects the possible economic effects, i.e., monetary costs, a future pandemic might impose on society, including wide-ranging counter measures such as school closures or lock-downs.

Combined cyber and physical attacks on Critical Infrastructures have disastrous consequences on economies and in social well-being. Protection and resilience of CIs under combined attacks is challenging due to their complexity, reliance on ICT systems and the interdependences between different types of CIs. The PRAETORIAN framework was designed to address these challenges, by integrating components responsible for detecting both cyber and physical threats. Additionally, it forecasts how the combined attacks will evolve and their cascading effects on interdependent CIs. The PRAETORIAN framework was demonstrated based on a realistic scenario in the Zagreb airport, combining both physical and cyber attacks.