Coarse-Grained Reconfigurable Array (CGRA) architectures are popular as high-performance and energy-efficient computing devices. Compute-intensive loop constructs of complex applications are mapped onto CGRAs by modulo-scheduling the innermost loop dataflow graph (DFG). In the state-of-the-art approaches, mapping quality is typically determined by initiation interval (II), whileschedule lengthfor one iteration is neglected. However, for nested loops,schedule lengthbecomes important. In this article, we propose CREPE, aConcurrentReverse-modulo-scheduling andPlacement technique for CGRAs that minimizes bothIIandschedule length. CREPE performs simultaneous modulo-scheduling and placement coupled with dynamic graph transformations, generating good-quality mappings with high success rates. Furthermore, we introduce a compilation flow that maps nested loops onto the CGRA and modulo-schedules the innermost loop using CREPE. Experiments show that the proposed solution outperforms the conventional approaches in mapping success rate and total execution time with no impact on the compilation time. CREPE maps all kernels considered while state-of-the-art techniques Crimson and Epimap failed to find a mapping or mapped at very highIIs. On a 2×4 CGRA, CREPE reports a 100% success rate and a speed-up up to 5.9× and 1.4× over Crimson with 78.5% and Epimap with 46.4% success rates respectively.

Cluster analysis is the most popular and often the foremost task in big data analytics as it helps in unearthing hidden patterns and trends in data. Traditional single-objective clustering techniques often suffer from accuracy fluctuations especially when applied over data groups of varying densities and imbalanced distribution as well as in the presence of outliers. This paper presents a multi-phase clustering solution that achieves good accuracy measures even in the case of noisy and not- well-separated data (linearly not separable data). The proposed design combines a two-stage Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) clustering with K-means logic and a state-of-the-art outlier removal technique. The use of two different optimisation criteria in the two stages of PSO clustering equips the model with the ability to escape local minima traps in the process of convergence. Extensive experiments featuring a wide variety of data have been carried out and the system could achieve accuracy levels as high as 99.9% and an average of 87.4% on notwell-separated data. The model has also been proved to be robust on eight out of the ten datasets of the Fundamental Clustering Problem Suit (FCPS), a benchmark for clustering algorithms.