Climate downscaling is crucial for detailed small- scale analysis and for acquiring climate data in regions without weather stations. Operator learning has proven potential for this task. However, several challenges remain in operator learning, such as multimodal fusion, spatiotemporal fusion and input state and query adaptation. To address these challenges, we propose a Spatiotemporal Multimodal Fusion Operator with a State- Query Coupled Kernel (SMCK). This framework includes a latent space fusion encoder that encodes climate variables using position-wise multihead attention for multimodal fusion and integrates historical information to generate robust and precise representation. Additionally, we introduce a state-query coupled kernel that combines radial basis functions and discrete fourier encoding to enhance query location representation, while also adapting to the state to obtain the coupled kernel. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance and provides strong support for climate downscaling and the planning of climate-related strategies.

Modified Condition/Decision Coverage (MC/DC) is a test coverage standard with excellent fault detection capability, which is widely used in testing safety-critical software. Symbolic execution generates test cases automatically to achieve high code coverage. However, since symbolic execution uses short-circuit evaluation to evaluate decisions, it fails to guarantee the consistency of other conditions in a decision required by the MC/DC criterion. As a result, it is incapable of generating MC/DC test cases to test safety-critical systems adequately. To solve this problem, we propose Branch Dependence Guided Symbolic Execution (BDGSE), a symbolic execution technique for high MC/DC. The approach utilizes static analysis to compute the branch dependencies, then guides symbolic execution to selectively explore paths and simplify test cases, and finally generates a small number of test cases to achieve high MC/DC coverage. Our experimental results show that BDGSE can generate high-quality test cases. Although BDGSE generates fewer test cases, it can achieve higher MC/DC coverage than SPF and random methods, and the fault detection capability of test cases generated by BDGSE is comparable to that of test cases generated by SPF.

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been widely used in safety-critical fields such as autonomous driving and medical diagnosis.However, DNNs are easily disturbed to make wrong decisions, which may lead to loss of life or property.Therefore, it is vital to test DNN adequately.In practice, to reveal the incorrect behavior of DNN and improve its robustness, testers usually need massive labeled data to test and optimize DNN.However, labeling test inputs to detect the correctness of DNN predictions is an expensive and time-consuming task that even affects the efficiency of DNN testing.To relieve the labeling-cost problem, we propose DeepRank, a test case prioritization technique based on cross-entropy loss.The key idea of DeepRank is that the higher the loss value of a test case relative to the DNN, the more likely it is to be mispredicted and the more conducive it is to improve the robustness of the DNN through retraining.Therefore, the cross-entropy loss value can be used for test case prioritization.We experimentally validate our approach on two datasets and three DNNs models.The experimental results demonstrate that DeepRank is significantly better than existing test case prioritization methods regarding fault-revealing capability and retraining effectiveness.

We introduce a new concept of panoramic retinal (panretinal) optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging system with a 140° field of view (FOV). To achieve this unprecedented FOV, a contact imaging approach was used which enabled faster, more efficient, and quantitative retinal imaging with measurement of axial eye length. The utilization of the handheld panretinal OCT imaging system could allow earlier recognition of peripheral retinal disease and prevent permanent vision loss. In addition, adequate visualization of the peripheral retina has a great potential for better understanding disease mechanisms regarding the periphery. To the best of our knowledge, the panretinal OCT imaging system presented in this manuscript has the widest FOV among all the retina OCT imaging systems and offers significant values in both clinical ophthalmology and basic vision science.