This paper presents an architecture and an FPGAbased prototype of an autonomous intelligent video surveillance camera. The camera takes the advantage of high resolution of CMOS image sensors and enables instantly automatic pan, tilt and zoom adjustment based upon motion activity. It performs automated scene analysis and provides immediate response to suspicious events by optimizing camera capturing parameters. The video output of the camera can be optimized to any region of interest while the camera continues to monitor the entire scene. Field trials of the prototyped camera have verified the proposed architecture.

This paper presents a design and hardware implementation of a CMOS sensor based video camera incorporating a module, which combines the functions of automatic white balancing (AWB) and automatic exposure control (AEC). The functionality is achieved using dynamic control of sensor registers using I2C sensor interface. The image data processing is performed using a field programmable gate array (FPGA). The combined AWB/AEC module can be implemented using a gate count of 10k. The results indicate that the implemented video camera produces the desired functionality with good reaction time.

This paper presents a way to model the cross-talk effect in CMOS image sensors. Two algorithms are derived from the model; both of them work on the Bayer raw data and have low computational complexity. Experiments on Macbeth color chart and real images have shown the effectiveness of the modeling to eliminate the cross-talk effect and produce better quality images with traditional color interpolation and correction algorithms designed for CCD image sensors.

This paper presents a color interpolation algorithm for a single sensor color camera. The proposed algorithm is especially designed to solve the problem of pixel crosstalk among the pixels of different color channels. Interchannel cross-talk gives rise to blocking effects on the interpolated green plane, and also spreading of false colors into detailed structures. The proposed algorithm separates the green channel into two planes, one highly correlated with the red channel and the other with the blue channel. These separate planes are used for red and blue channel interpolation. Experiments conducted on McBeth color chart and natural images have shown that the proposed algorithm can eliminate or suppress blocking and color artifacts to produce better quality images.

This paper presents a low-complexity wavelet transform that utilizes point-symmetric extension at the image tile boundaries. The proposed approach is considered as an alternative to the well-known symmetric signal extension in dealing with the boundary artifacts that manifest when tiles of images are lossy compressed. The new solution developed for odd-length filters preserves the perfect reconstruction property of the filter banks and deals efficiently with blocking artifacts without requiring any post processing technique or additional information from the neighboring tiles. It is shown that point-symmetric extension at the tile boundaries does not need to be applied explicitly, but instead the equivalent boundary filters can be derived. The lifting-based implementation of the filters provides a very simple way of changing filter parameters at the boundaries that suits both hardware and software platforms.

This paper presents a low-complexity wavelet transform that utilizes the point-symmetric extension at the image tile boundaries. The proposed solution preserves the perfect reconstruction property of the filter banks and deals efficiently with the blocking artifacts when images are lossy compressed. It is shown that the point-symmetric extension at the tile boundaries does not need to be applied explicitly, but instead the equivalent boundary filters can be derived. The lifting-based implementation of the filters provides a very simple way of changing filter parameters at the boundaries that suits both hardware and software platforms A new architecture is proposed to perform wavelet transform of large images. It minimizes the DSPs internal memory requirements as well as the external buffer bandwidth without producing sharp discontinuities between tiles.

A new method called point-symmetric signal extension is developed for finite-length signal sub-band decomposition providing perfect reconstruction. The proposed approach is considered as an alternative to the well-known symmetric signal extension in dealing with the boundary artifacts that manifest when tiles of images are lossy compressed. The new solution greatly reduces discontinuity between the adjacent tiles without requiring any post processing technique or additional information from the neighbouring tiles. A memory efficient implementation based upon the point-symmetric extension has been accepted into the Verification Model of the emerging JPEG2000 image compression standard.