Distributed quantum computing (DQC) architectures offer a scalable solution for the computational demands of large-scale quantum computing. In near-term DQC architectures, the costly remote quantum communication and the execution cost within quantum chips together significantly limit the execution efficiency of quantum circuits. To comprehensively optimize both costs, we propose DMapS, which consists of end-to-end algorithms for qubit mapping and routing. The qubit mapping component, DMapS-M, adopts a two-stage mapping strategy that decomposes a large quantum circuit into smaller ones and parallelizes the qubit mapping on quantum chips. The qubit routing component, DMapS-R, reduces remote quantum communication overhead by prioritizing the insertion of local SWAP gates and further improves transpilation efficiency by exploiting parallelism within chips. Our experimental results show that DMapS-M reduces overall overhead (including both remote quantum communication overhead and local SWAP gate overhead) by an average of 43.44% and 59.72%, respectively, compared to two baseline algorithms, and achieves an average speedup of 87.05x. DMapS-R, compared to the baseline algorithm, reduces overall overhead by an average of 8.85% and achieves an average transpilation speedup of 2.78×. Moreover, compared to the DQC-oriented quantum compiler, DMapS reduces remote communication overhead by an average of 75.16%.

The design of a scalable Quantum Control Architecture (QCA) faces two primary challenges.First, the continuous growth in qubit counts has rendered distributed QCA inevitable, yet the nondeterministic latencies inherent in feedback loops demand cycleaccurate synchronization across multiple controllers.Existing synchronization strategies -whether lock-step or demand-drivenintroduce significant performance penalties.Second, existing quantum instruction set architectures are polarized, being either too abstract or too granular.This lack of a unifying design necessitates recurrent hardware customization for each new control requirement, which limits the system's reconfigurability and impedes the path toward a scalable and unified digital microarchitecture.Addressing these challenges, we propose Distributed-HISQ, featuring: (i) HISQ, A universal instruction set that redefines quantum control with a hardware-agnostic design.By decoupling from quantum operation semantics, HISQ provides a unified language for control sequences, enabling a single microarchitecture to support various control methods and enhancing system reconfigurability.(ii) BISP, a booking-based synchronization protocol that can potentially achieve zero-cycle synchronization overhead.The feasibility and adaptability of Distributed-HISQ are validated through its implementation on a commercial quantum control system targeting superconducting qubits.We performed a comprehensive evaluation using a customized quantum software stack.Our results show that BISP effectively synchronizes multiple control boards, leading to a 22.8% reduction in average program execution time and a ∼ 5× reduction in infidelity when compared to an existing lock-step synchronization scheme.