The internet is becoming increasingly visual, but social computing research and methodological training has relied heavily on textual methods. Methodological innovation is needed to study visual social data, including problematic information (mis- and disinformation, propaganda, hate, AI slop, etc). Contending with this, we present a framework for conducting grounded, interpretive, computationally supported, mixed-method research on collections of visual social media data. We developed this framework while grappling with the ethical, logistical, and methodological challenges of conducting in-depth analysis of potentially harmful visual content while caring for our research team. We document our framework components of visual grammars, human analysis, and computationally supported analysis with an umbrella commitment to care and its use in three empirical case studies. We also provide recommendations and implications for the HCI community in embracing training in and the advancing of visual methods and research, including a sensitizing concept of visual integrity.

Data visualizations are increasingly seen as socially constructed, with several recent studies positing that perceptions and interpretations of visualization artifacts are shaped through complex sets of interactions between members of a community. However, most of these works have focused on audiences and researchers, and little is known about if and how practitioners account for the socially constructed framing of data visualization. In this paper, we study and analyze how visualization practitioners understand the influence of their beliefs, values, and biases in their design processes and the challenges they experience. In 17 semi-structured interviews with designers working with race and gender demographic data, we find that a complex mix of factors interact to inform how practitioners approach their design process, including their personal experiences, values, and their understandings of power, neutrality, and politics. Based on our findings, we suggest a series of implications for research and practice in this space.

Along with other visual content, data visualizations are increasingly used within online discourse, including political communication. Though often considered to be ''objective'', data visualizations can also be created and/or appropriated to mislead. Here, we study the use and evolution of data visualizations within social media discourse around the ongoing ''crisis'' at the US-Mexico border in 2024. Through computationally-assisted qualitative analysis, we first describe how data visualizations are used to support four anti-immigrant frames, highlighting key tactics and sources of these visualizations. Next, we conduct a deep analysis of three Data Visualization Lineages (DVLs), exploring the role of adaptations, annotations, and remixing within families of data visualizations that share the same origin but have diverged through distinct visual alterations. We conclude by discussing approaches for supporting researchers in identifying and unpacking data visualization lineages, and highlighting design opportunities for mitigating the impact of misleading data visualizations in online discourse.

We explore the potential of generative AI text-to-image models to help designers efficiently craft unique, representative, and demographically diverse anthropographics that visualize data about people. Currently, creating data-driven iconic images to represent individuals in a dataset often requires considerable design effort. Generative text-to-image models can streamline the process of creating these images, but risk perpetuating designer biases in addition to stereotypes latent in the models. In response, we outline a conceptual workflow for crafting anthropographic assets for visualizations, highlighting possible sources of risk and bias as well as opportunities for reflection and refinement by a human designer. Using an implementation of this workflow with Stable Diffusion and Google Colab, we illustrate a variety of new anthropographic designs that showcase the visual expressiveness and scalability of these generative approaches. Based on our experiments, we also identify challenges and research opportunities for new AI-enabled anthropographic visualization tools.

Anthropographics are human-shaped visualizations that aim to emphasize the human importance of datasets and the people behind them. However, current anthropographics tend to employ homogeneous human shapes to encode data about diverse demographic groups. Such anthropographics can obscure important differences between groups and contemporary designs exemplify the lack of inclusive approaches for representing human diversity in visualizations. In response, we explore the creation of demographically diverse anthropographics that communicate the visible diversity of demographically distinct populations. Building on previous anthropographics research, we explore strategies for visualizing datasets about people in ways that explicitly encode diversity—illustrating these approaches with examples in a variety of visual styles. We also critically reflect on strategies for creating diverse anthropographics, identifying social and technical challenges that can result in harmful representations. Finally, we highlight a set of forward-looking research opportunities for advancing the design and understanding of diverse anthropographics.