Context: Socioeconomic development has accelerated the urbanization process and the advance of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). In this context, population growth in urban centers manifested challenges in the economic and cultural aspects of society. Issues such as mobility and sustainability come up. ICT plays an important role in this scenario, as it enables innovative services to citizens to improve their quality of life. Objective: To identify and analyze technological solutions (tools, services, applications or products) of urban public monitoring in order to characterize them, with respect to smart cities and ubiquitous devices, from the point of view of researchers and public agents in the field. context of theoretical and applied research in the literature. Method: A Systematic Literature Mapping (SLM) was performed to characterize the research in the area. Results: It was found that most studies treat as important and global trend urban public monitoring through ubiquitous devices in the context of smart cities. Conclusion: Urban public monitoring can be performed through appropriate ICT infrastructures, using devices such as sensors to capture and transmit data in real-time. This communication takes place without the use of wires and it is necessary to worry about the energy efficiency and accuracy of these ubiquitous devices. This way, the city can become more efficient and attractive to its citizens.

The optional discipline "Governance of ICT directed to the Federal Public Administration (FPA)" in the curricular structure of the undergraduate courses in Information Systems and Computer Science of Institution X aims to analyze the dimensions (High Administration, Strategies and Plans, Information, People, Processes and Results of Management) in which the survey of the ICT Governance situation in the FPA is carried out. This article presents a practical approach that exemplifies the application of the knowledge acquired as a study of the programmatic content of the discipline. The programmatic content and its importance were evaluated through the application of a questionnaire to the students. The responses revealed that the teaching approach used and the content viewed added knowledge and are useful for training the ICT professional.

Governance of Information Technology and Communication (ICT) is still a challenging factor for organizations, both for the public and private sector. Public organizations are recognized by the control bodies (Audit Court of the Union - ACU, System of Administration of Information Technology Resources - SISP, Strategy of Digital Governance - EGD), which, through this recognition, cause the managers of these organizations to pay attention to this area. In this case, the adoption and direction of good practices that meet the requirements of the control bodies regarding ICT Governance are necessary. Thus, the objective of this article is to propose a framework called PeticGov, with the objective to support the organizations evaluated by the TCU and to direct the ICT managers in how to implement the good practices of ICT Governance considered relevant for TCU evaluation. In order to direct the organizations in which good practice (s) to adopt based on their deficit. As results, it is noticed that the PeticGov questionnaire returns the same result of the TCU.

When developing Real-Time and Embedded Systems (RTES), different types of constraints should be considered in specification, modeling, architectural design and system implementation. In most cases, these constraints describe timing, precedence or resource restriction. Correct description and evaluation of these complex information along of RTES design are directly related to their reliability, safety and quality. In this research, a methodology to describe real-time and embedded information in requirements, functional, logical and technical viewpoints is briefly presented, as well as an approach to analyze the annotated constraints. MARTE constraints have been consistently applied in designing models and implemented at lower abstraction models. Here, pseudo automated generation of timing, precedence and resources constraints is performed from the graphical models to the final source code models. Therefore, the proposed approach has a great value to RTES design once it has traced constraints along of the architectural design and it also presents a manner to check if constraints are being reached in accordance with early design description.

Architectural design of Real-Time and Embedded Systems must describe the system components (software and hardware) in a common and comprehensible manner to be understandable to several stakeholders involved in the development process. This article explores the combined adoption of a well-recognized methodology to activities of architectural system design, with the MARTE profile, considering non-functional annotations in model elements. The proposed approach aims to define a general and appropriate architectural viewpoint to the real-time and embedded domain. MARTE profile and SPES methodology are employed in modeling strategies in order to explore the requirements, services and systems components. In this paper, a case study in the automotive system domain is performed and the architectural viewpoints are able to represent functional and non-functional requirements, performance and temporal restrictions in the field of automotive systems at different levels of detail and abstraction.

Development of Real-Time and Embedded Systems (RTES) involves a number of complex activities performed by a diversity of stakeholders. In most cases, RTES requires a number of different physical and logical components with numerous functional and non-functional constraints. Therefore, it is essential to ensure the representation, specification and analysis of quality activities of these systems since the early design activities. SPES (Software Platform Embedded Systems) methodology has been considered to describe a framework to develop RTES, but it does not specify directly how and which modeling languages should be adopted. Thus, this research adopts SPES guidelines and applies SysML and MARTE profiles to create models in the architectural viewpoints, while it highlights functional properties and different non-functional constraints of the system. A formalization of design viewpoints is presented in order to contribute to quantitative measurement to describe an analysis of the design complexity since the initial design activities. As contributions of this paper, it can be highlighted a proposal to formalize the RTES design activities (viewpoints), a measurement of the system design complexity since the initial design activities (in accordance with the design activities) and, also, the definition of a formalized manner to analyse RTES complexity without the interference of user external knowledge.

Real-time and embedded systems (RTES) encompass a variety of embedded and real-time properties and requirements which defines them. Timing behavior of RTES physical and logical subsystems is as important as their functional behavior. These systems must define, in addition to their functional properties, the control of several peripheral components, of their constraints, communication interfaces and temporal and non-functional requirements. Understanding the representation and treatment of several properties of real-time and embedded systems has direct influence in their development, reliability and safety. Therefore, it is pertinent to analyze the properties that represent this domain and to provide strategies for a complete definition of model elements'. This paper aims to provide guidelines for comprehension, application and possible adoption of the UML MARTE (Modelling and Analysis of RealTime and Embedded Systems) profile in specification, modeling and design of real-time and embedded properties of a system. The proposed design strategy is applied to a case study, in the domain of intelligent automation systems, in order to direct the adoption of the constructors of MARTE profile in other development contexts and to describe the semantics and syntax of these builders to strengthen their comprehensibility.

Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) has been widely used for development of distributed applications in many domains. In the literature, SOA applications have been modeled using a wide variety of modeling languages, many of them not tailored for modeling SOA characteristics. UML diagrams, such as Activity, Class, and Sequence diagrams are the most used ones. However, none of UML diagrams' has services as main principle. Therefore, the need to use a more appropriate language for modeling SOA applications arises. This paper describes the design of a SOA application in the health domain as a real case study. We propose a solution for an Electronic Health Record (EHR) application using SoaML as modeling language. We found that SoaML is an interesting modeling language for SOA applications given its constructs, diagrams and elements, as well as providing means to defining functional capabilities of a service, setting services consumers and providers, presenting the service information exchanged between consumer and providers and establishing policies for using and providing services.

Personality of software developers professionals has been a continuous element of interest in academic research. Researchers have applied different models of personality analysis in various software engineering areas to identify improvement points, to promote job satisfaction and to better organize teams. This paper aims to conduct a study, by means of an experience report, to evaluate the MBTI personality model (Myers-Briggs Type Indication) applied to software developers and to understand how human personality influences professionals' work. The experience was applied in one private university to 6 developers to measure quality of developed software by means of Object Oriented Software Metrics. Each software analyzed was developed by a single developer. Evidence was found that developers with MBTI type “INTJ” (Introvert, iNtuitive, Thinking, Judging), presented lower levels of depth of inheritance tree (DIT) and “slightly” smaller methods (LOC). As a result, it is clear that further research on the relationship between personality and object-oriented software metrics is needed.

Interoperability between legacy systems has crucial importance for integration of many distributed systems.Within health information systems, the need for interoperability between legacy systems is well-known, as these are heterogeneous systems which have a long lifespan.An interesting example of health information systems is the Electronic Health Record (EHR), a virtual record of every health-related event, including hospital admission, general practitioner visit, exams, and allergies experienced by individuals over their lifespan from in uterus to death.A great challenge for implementing EHR applications is that these systems often have to integrate large amount of data gathered from legacy systems into a single application.This paper describes in detail the implementation view of a software architecture based on web services for developing an EHR application in a public hospital.The architecture has been defined with a layered style for implementation and on services identified within current legacy systems.Detailed explanation on the software development, including architectural elements and services catalog are described as well.

Efficiently choosing software tools is a complex process, as it must consider many variables so that the best software which fulfills the requirements list can be selected.Choosing the correct Content Management System (CMS) for an organization is no different.Many different variables have to be taken into account, and large amount of resources have to be applied.However, mostly the process of choice is based on weak considerations.This paper uses the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) in order to verify the influence of the evaluation criteria in the process of selecting a CMS.Through a descriptive statistical analysis and the Spearman's correlation coefficient, relations between the three concepts proposed by the TAM model, Perceived Usefulness (PU), Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU) and Perceived Usage (PUE), were evaluated.Data were submitted to non parametric methods and the results confirm two of the three formulated hypothesis: Perceived Ease of Use positively influences Perceived Usage of a CMS (H2) and Perceived Ease of Use positively influences Perceived Usefulness (H3).A case study performed on an IT government company regarding five instances of CMS is proposed in this paper.

A number of methods, languages, tools and techniques are widely used in Software Engineering projects even before being formally evaluated in practice. In critical phases of software life cycle, such as requirements engineering, this practice may lead to deceptions. In this paper, an evaluation of the Systems Modeling Language (SysML) diagrams and constructions when applied to requirements engineering activities is proposed. This evaluation was performed based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Three criteria were used to evaluate the acceptance of SysML as a language for requirements engineering: perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and perceived usage. The evaluation was performed in practice in a company that develops software-intensive systems.

Modeling and tracing requirements are difficult, error-prone activities which have great impact on the overall software development process. Most techniques for modeling requirements present a number of problems and limitations, including modeling requirements at a single level of abstraction, and being specific to model functional requirements. In addition, non-functional requirements are frequently overlooked. Without the proper modeling of requirements, the activity of tracing requirements is impaired. This article aims to perform a study on modeling requirements of Real-Time Systems through an extension of the SysML Requirements Diagram focusing on the traceability of non-functional and functional requirements. The SysML metamodel is extended with new stereotypes and relationships, and the proposed metamodel is applied to a set of requirements for the specification of a Road Traffic Control System. The proposed approach has demonstrated to be effective for representing software requirements of real-time systems at multiple levels of abstraction and classification. The proposed metamodel represents concisely the traceability of requirements at a high level of abstraction.

The complexity of current software-intensive systems must be tackled during all phases of the system life cycle. Requirements Engineering is considered both by practitioners and researchers a crucial phase of software development. This article tackles requirements complexity by proposing a framework to document and analyze requirements at different levels of detail, inspired by the layered style of software architecture. Therefore, separation of concerns, an important concept used for software design, is applied in the context of requirements documentation and analysis. The framework has been applied in practice to design software-intensive systems in many domains. Specifically for this article, the proposal is to apply the framework to document and to analyze requirements for road traffic management systems.

The dynamic behavior of a group of traffic signals controlling a network of intersections is a complex discrete event system that can be modeled by Petri nets. The approach used in this article proposes a components-based design, which increases modularity, address complexity and is a good practice according to modern Software Engineering. All the main system elements are specified based on the proposed Petri net component with time interval associated to places. The specified models are simulated through the common token player algorithm. Formal analysis using place invariants and theorem proving are applied to verify models soundness and reason on specific scenarios.

Control of traffic in a network of roads may involve a large number of individual control loops, with various scopes and time scales, some of them working locally, such as traffic signals at a crossing, some of them coordinating a number of local control loops within its scope. In order to organize such a set of control loops, this paper proposes a hierarchical network model which is primarily based on a modularity property of networks. One of the prime applications of this hierarchical model is to derive an implementation architecture for the development of operational control systems, including the necessary hardware and software infrastructure, in order to achieve highly flexible control systems and thereby support the research in road traffic network control. The primary goal of this paper is to list the research issues of this approach.

Traffic-responsive techniques make use of real-time measurements acquired with sensors to calculate in real-time suitable settings. Traffic signal systems that react to changing traffic conditions are an important component for improving transportation efficiency. The dynamic behavior of a group of traffic signals controlling a network of intersections is a complex discrete event system that can be modeled using Petri nets. In this paper, one purpose is to design a mechanism based on Petri nets with time interval associated to places to extend the green time to a main road depending on the demand of non-priority roads. Another objective is to try to allow green phases for a sequence of intersections in a small network in order to improve traffic flow for a platoon of vehicles. Modular characteristics of Petri nets are used to address complexity and design models in increasing levels of detail.

Use Case diagrams are well-known for their use to specify and describe system requirements. From initial system requirements documents, use cases can be derived representing several scenarios. These scenarios can later be detailed in different ways, as for example, through informal descriptions. In this paper, system requirements are first specified using the SysML requirements diagram and later by use cases. The main goal is to fill the gap between documents written in natural language and use cases by modeling requirements in a graphical and tabular way, which can improve the requirements representation. Also, the relationship between requirements is enhanced. An example of a real time distributed system is given to illustrate the approach.

In this paper we illustrate multi-level network control by means of road traffic control. There is a natural and very common way of reducing the complexity of a network. It consists of two steps: dividing the network into parts and introducing levels in the control of a network. Dividing a network into parts entails the introduction of levels: the internal control within each part is one level and the overall control of the parts is a second level. Applying these two steps recursively introduces a number of levels and a recursive decomposition of a network into a tree structure of parts. Each level has its own view on the network, its own control measures and objectives. A level’s view on the network can often be represented by a simpler network. In two case studies we show how the levels and the subdivisions per level can be determined, which control measures and control objectives each level has and how the different levels interoperate. Moreover, we show why it is highly desirable that the simplified networks, representing the views on the network at each of the various levels, should be derived in an automated way, and how this can be done.