Fast and accurate reconstruction of magnetic resonance (MR) images from under-sampled data can significantly reduce MR scan times, leading to improved equipment utilization and enhanced patient comfort. Applying federated learning (FL) in MR image reconstruction enables multiple hospitals to collaboratively train a model in a distributed manner without aggregating local data, thereby protecting patient privacy. Prototype-based FL further optimizes communication costs by sharing lightweight representatives as global knowledge for multisite collaboration. However, to our knowledge, existing prototypebased FL methods have not been explored in the context of image generation tasks. Moreover, tackling domain shifts in multi-site MR image data due to differences in sequences, scanners, and diseases presents a significant challenge. To address these issues, we propose FedPMR, the first personalized prototype-based FL framework for accelerated MR image reconstruction. FedPMR collaboratively searches semantic features in the approximate direction across multiple sites and improves generalization of local models by integrating common knowledge. Extensive experiments conducted on three public datasets and one private dataset demonstrate that FedPMR not only reduces communication costs ($236.70 \text{Mb} \rightarrow 8 ~\text{Kb}$), but also achieves approximately a 3.0 % improvement in SSIM and a 4.9 % improvement in PSNR for clients experiencing greater domain shift. Additionally, we explore the optimal selection of collaborative prototypes in image generation, including the effects of location, scale, dimensionality reduction methods, and multi-scale fusion.

What does it truly mean for a language model to “reason” strategically, and can scaling up alone guarantee intelligent, context-aware decisions? Strategic decision-making requires adaptive reasoning, where agents anticipate and respond to others’ actions under uncertainty. Yet, most evaluations of large language models (LLMs) for strategic decision-making often rely heavily on Nash Equilibrium (NE) benchmarks, overlook reasoning depth, and fail to reveal the mechanisms behind model behavior. To address this gap, we introduce a behavioral game-theoretic evaluation framework that disentangles intrinsic reasoning from contextual influence. Using this framework, we evaluate 22 state-of-the-art LLMs across diverse strategic scenarios. We find models like GPT-o3-mini, GPT-o1, and DeepSeek-R1 lead in reasoning depth. Through thinking chain analysis, we identify distinct reasoning styles—such as maximin or belief-based strategies—and show that longer reasoning chains do not consistently yield better decisions. Furthermore, embedding demographic personas reveals context-sensitive shifts: some models (e.g., GPT-4o, Claude-3-Opus) improve when assigned female identities, while others (e.g., Gemini 2.0) show diminished reasoning under minority sexuality personas. These findings underscore that technical sophistication alone is insufficient; alignment with ethical standards, human expectations, and situational nuance is essential for the responsible deployment of LLMs in interactive settings.

Most contemporary research in advanced smart homes has been primarily focused on understanding the environment and identifying activities. However, it can never translate these insights into actionable rules that could improve residents’ quality of life, much less optimize the entire home environment. Addressing this gap, our paper introduces HomeSGN, an end-to-end trainable Scorer-Generator system founded on the Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) architecture. Specifically tailored for smart home applications, HomeSGN extracts, assesses, and proffers beneficial rules from residents’ everyday activities, thereby improving living conditions and optimizing the home environment with adaptable targets. Complemented by pioneering data augmentation and rectification strategies, the system assures model stability, avoids mode collapse, and maintains data integrity throughout GAN training. Integrating HomeSGN into an existing smart home infrastructure establishes a seamless sensor-to-rule pipeline. The effectiveness of HomeSGN is underscored by significant benefits, notably an enhancement of life quality by over 50% in single-user homes and 30% in multi-user scenarios, thus truly embodying the promise of “smart” in smart homes.

When making decisions under uncertainty, individuals often deviate from rational behavior, which can be evaluated across three dimensions: risk preference, probability weighting, and loss aversion. Given the widespread use of large language models (LLMs) in supporting decision-making processes, it is crucial to assess whether their behavior aligns with human norms and ethical expectations or exhibits potential biases. Although several empirical studies have investigated the rationality and social behavior performance of LLMs, their internal decision-making tendencies and capabilities remain inadequately understood. This paper proposes a framework, grounded in behavioral economics theories, to evaluate the decision-making behaviors of LLMs. With a multiple-choice-list experiment, we initially estimate the degree of risk preference, probability weighting, and loss aversion in a context-free setting for three commercial LLMs: ChatGPT-4.0-Turbo, Claude-3-Opus, and Gemini-1.0-pro. Our results reveal that LLMs generally exhibit patterns similar to humans, such as risk aversion and loss aversion, with a tendency to overweight small probabilities, but there are significant variations in the degree to which these behaviors are expressed across different LLMs. Further, we explore their behavior when embedded with socio-demographic features of human beings, uncovering significant disparities across various demographic characteristics.