Detailed routing constitutes a critical phase in the very large-scale integration (VLSI) physical design, widely regarded as the most time-consuming and computationally intensive step in the back-end design process. Due to its iterative nature and strong data dependencies, conventional parallel acceleration techniques often suffer from limited scalability and effectiveness. To address these challenges, we propose RouterAcc, an FPGA-based software–hardware co-design acceleration framework tailored for VLSI detailed routing. RouterAcc incorporates an access analysis mechanism and a termination condition strategy to accelerate convergence. Furthermore, we employ a hierarchical storage mapping scheme and a flexible dimension-partitioning architecture to alleviate memory bottlenecks and enhance data locality. Additionally, RouterAcc leverages a hierarchical comparison pipeline with fully parallelized computing units and a data preprocessing strategy to maximize computational efficiency. Experimental results on the ISPD’18 benchmarks demonstrate that RouterAcc achieves consistent speedups of 2.1×–2.3× over TritonRoute with less than 1% quality degradation. With further co-optimization, RouterAcc attains speedups of 2.7×–11.8× while maintaining routing quality comparable to TritonRoute and surpassing Dr.CU 2.0 as well as the state-of-the-art (SOTA) FPGA-based approaches.

A state-of-the-art large eddy simulation code has been developed to solve compressible flows in turbomachinery. The code has been engineered with a high degree of scalability, enabling it to effectively leverage the many-core architecture of the new Sunway system. A consistent performance of 115.8 DP-PFLOPs has been achieved on a high-pressure turbine cascade consisting of over 1.69 billion mesh elements and 865 billion Degree of Freedoms (DOFs). By leveraging a high-order unstructured solver and its portability to large heterogeneous parallel systems, we have progressed towards solving the grand challenge problem outlined by NASA [1], which involves a time-dependent simulation of a complete engine, incorporating all the aerodynamic and heat transfer components.