This article introduces a method to correct intersensor calibration convolution errors that occur in the convolution of spectral response functions (SRFs) between narrow-band and broad-band instruments. By using the intersensor calibration analysis between Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) Nadir Mapper (NM) and Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) as an example, the root cause of convolution errors in the intersensor calibration is addressed through direct comparison of OMPS NM SRF and convolved OMPS SRF with GOME-2 SRF. The results reveal that distorted SRF of the narrow-band instrument is the major cause, which appears for GOME-2 at a wide range of channels. The convolution errors in reflectance, which were ignored in previous studies, can be greater than 2% for wavelength shorter than 320 nm and$\sim 0.5$% for wavelengths between 320 and 330 nm. This study thus presents a hybrid convolution error correction method that consists of theoretical approximation of the convolution errors and empirical estimates of residuals due to the deviation of the theoretical approximation from the actual convolution errors. According to the validation through simulation, after applying convolution error correction, the mean convolution errors are less than 0.02%, while the root mean square errors are reduced from more than 0.5% to less than 0.1%. In addition, the correction method is applied to the intersensor calibration radiometric bias assessment between the Meteorological Operational satellite–B (Metop-B) GOME-2 and the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) OMPS NM. The averaged intersensor calibration reflectance differences are decreased by more than 16% after convolution error correction.

Radiances and Environmental Data Records (EDR) from the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) are critical for weather prediction. A variety of EDRs such as fire detection, retrievals of aerosols and water vapor are used by forecasters to provide warnings and alerts during disasters. Several JPSS products also provide continuity of essential climate variables such as upper atmospheric temperature and ozone concentration for climate change monitoring.

The NOAA-20 Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) is the second OMPS flight unit in the US Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) program [1]. Flying on the NOAA-20 satellite, the OMPS extends the 40+-year total column ozone and ozone profile records to monitor ozone concentration in the Earth atmosphere. Recent studies have been conducted over a wide range of radiometric calibration and geolocation calibration areas to improve the quality of OMPS sensor data records. This study covers several topics, including the removal of a solar intrusion signal during science data collection, reduction of solar activity impact resulting from solar activities, update of geolocation accuracy via refinement of the instrument CCD spatial registration, and minimization of a misalignment at the edges of the sensor spatial field of view during Earth view measurements. The objective of this study is to improve OMPS instrument performance to OMPS users' expectations, and to advance the OMPS calibration accuracy of sensor data records above current product requirements [2], [3]. The solar intrusion correction improved local radiance retrieval accuracy 4% for the Nadir Profiler sensor, during science observations in the Northern hemisphere where solar zenith angle ranges from$60^{\circ}$to$88^{\circ}$. Solar model improvements achieve up to 1% better fidelity in irradiance measurements during solar observations. The calibrated CCD spatial registration minimizes the misalignment in the Nadir Mapper sensor spatial field of view in both cross track and along track measurements, and refines the geolocation accuracy to less than 5 km for the sensor's geolocation products that have a nominal spatial resolution of 50 km x 17 km.

Changing a logic switch threshold in the linear fit sulfur dioxide (LFSO2) algorithm improves the performance based on the evaluation of the NOAA operational atmospheric SO2near-real-time (NRT) retrieval. The LFSO2 is used to create estimates from measurements made by the Suomi NPP (S-NPP) Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS). We evaluate the LFSO2 and compare the results to those from a principal component analysis (PCA) offline algorithm. Twenty independent volcanic scenarios and one environmental disaster scenario spread over eight years are selected for this comparison. More than three months of Kilauea volcanic activity in 2018 are monitored and are included in this evaluation and comparison. We found that the operational LFSO2 retrievals at lower troposphere (TRL), mid-troposphere (TRM), and lower stratosphere (STL) exhibited a discontinuity and have a saturation-like relationship if compared with PCA results. Using the new retrieval logic, the discontinuity in LFSO2 retrievals and the saturation appearance in comparisons vanished and a close to a linear relationship with the matchup data from the PCA retrieval products is demonstrated. The minimum detectable values for all three SO2layer products and the planetary boundary layer (PBL) products are estimated with the updated LFSO2 algorithm. Results for a volcanic cloud over Colombia for the updated LFSO2 for OMPS and a Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) algorithm for the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) measurements are also examined. Similar SO2total mass estimates over the region are obtained from the two products.

The Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) Nadir Profilers (NPs) are advanced backscatter ultraviolet (BUV) hyperspectral instruments that measure ozone profiles in the Earth atmosphere. The first NP sensor onboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi-NPP) satellite began its science observations on January 26, 2012, after its aperture door opened. The second OMPS NP, flying on the NOAA-20 satellite, opened its aperture door on January 8, 2018, starting science its data collection. The two NP sensors acquire Earth spectral images along their satellite flight path with a 16.7° wide swath, enabling weekly coverage of vertical ozone distribution in the Earth atmosphere. A successful thorough sensor calibration enables the NP sensors’ data records (SDRs) to meet measurement accuracy requirements. The largest error term in the albedo calibration came from the spectral wavelength calibration. This article provides SDRs accuracy analysis for both NP sensors and discusses important aspects of the SDRs performance in relation to the sensors’ characterization and calibration.

The Nadir Mapper (NM) is one of two nadir sensors of the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) that are designed to measure the ultraviolet radiance backscattered by the Earth's atmosphere and surface as well as solar irradiance. This study assesses the lifetime performance of Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) satellite NM reflectance data since its launch by using Simultaneous Nadir Overpass (SNO) collocated observations with Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) spectrometer onboard Meteorological Operational-B (Metop-B) satellite. The study also analyzes the consistency of the NM data quality between SNPP and NOAA-20 satellite using GOME-2 as a transfer.

The Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) atmospheric composition products are derived from an array of instruments aboard the JPSS satellites, and provide continued support for atmospheric concentrations of both greenhouse gases and aerosols in the context of air quality, furthering scientific understanding, improving environmental monitoring, and enhancing operational applications. This paper presents an outline of the JPSS atmospheric composition products that are operationally available from the JPSS Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) suite of instruments. Experimental products currently under consideration and exploration, continuity and product upgrades for NOAA-20, future plans on collaborations, special data needs by user communities, and upgrades to the data products in support of near real time applications are included in this paper. Continued efforts towards reprocessing to generate mission-long high quality science products, adapting to enterprise algorithms, and providing calibrated radiances and geophysical data products via direct broadcast networks are discussed for user awareness and international collaborations.

The NOAA-20 Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) is one of the five instruments in the US Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) program. Like the first OMPS instrument [1],[2], the N20 OMPS contains two advanced nadir viewing hyper-spectral instruments, the Nadir Profiler and the Nadir Mapper, to track the health of the ozone layer via measurements the concentration of ozone in the Earth's atmosphere. This paper presents the NOAA-20 OMPS in-flight spectral calibration through solar observations and Earth views. Using a working solar diffuser and a reference solar diffuser, changes in the instruments' wavelength registration are determined through the OMPS solar calibrations. The observed sensor degradation at the shortest wavelengths is less than 0.5% for the sensor optics, but in excess of 1.0% for the OMPS working solar diffuser. The absolute irradiance calibration uncertainties meet system requirement of 7% for most of the channels. The in-flight sensor wavelength variation due to thermal-optical influence is less than 0.02 nm, which could cause about 1.6% error, not compliant with a 2% allocation, so a routine wavelength calibration will take place to accommodate the exceedance.

The ozone mapping and profiler suite (OMPS) is carried onboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership satellite that was launched on October 28, 2011. The OMPS mission objectives concern atmospheric ozone concentrations and their variations in the earth atmosphere. A successful thorough on-orbit sensor calibration enabled current validated operational sensor data record (SDR) stage, providing quality sensor data that meet the requirements and users' expectations. The calibration coefficients derived from this paper have been successfully used in a life-cycle SDR reprocessing to improve sensor data quality. In this paper, we present our qualitative analyses and the results of OMPS nadir mapper SDR on-orbit calibration, and address current SDR data quality in relation to instrument detector performance, stray light correction, and wavelength registration. Our OMPS SDR calibration experience sets a reference for the successor instruments for accurate long-term monitoring of ozone total column concentrations.

The NOAA-20 Ozone Mapping Profiler Suite (OMPS) is the second Ultraviolet (UV) sensor suite in the US Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) program. The sensor suite was launched aboard the NOAA-20 spacecraft on Nov. 18, 2017. Like the first OMPS instrument which is flying on the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership spacecraft (S-NPP), the NOAA-20 OMPS contains two advanced nadir viewing hyper-spectral instruments, the Nadir Profiler (NP) and the Nadir Mapper (NM), tracks the health of the ozone layer and measure the concentration of ozone in the Earth's atmosphere. A successful thorough early orbital calibration enabled the current provisional Sensor Data Records (SDRs) stage. We present our analyses and results of the NOAA-20 OMPS early-orbit SDR performance, demonstrate that the sensor smoothly transitioned from ground to orbit by meeting or exceeding sensor level requirements. Our results suggest that a routine calibration of dark current as well as wavelength shifts is critical in the SDR data processing.

The Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) is carried onboard on the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership satellite which was launched on October 28, 2011. Since its launch, many changes in radiometric and spectrometric calibration have been made to improve the OMPS sensor data quality. The most challenging issue is to correct an unexpected variation of the in-flight wavelength scale in the OMPS Nadir Mapper (NM) spectrometer. Validation of the NM earth viewing albedo estimates of 2% to 5% wavelength-dependent errors across the sensor spatial instantaneous field of views (IFOVs). The root cause attributes these errors to a large variation in the wavelength registration for each of the NM charge-coupled device earth view pixels. Recent calibration change has significantly improved the total wavelength knowledge accuracy, and as a result the NM wavelength-dependent albedo uncertainty is reduced below the requirement of 2% for most of the channels across all of the spatial IFOVs.

The Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) consisting of three instruments, a Nadir Mapper (OMPS-NM), a Nadir Profiler (OMPS-NP) and a limb Profiler (OMPS-LP) was launched aboard Suomi NPP satellite in 2011. The instrument is also planned to be aboard JPSS satellite. The data from this instrument is processed at Interface Data Processing Segment (IDPS) built by Raytheon. The main products from OMPS include Total Column Ozone and Ozone Profile. Algorithm Development Library (ADL) framework mimics IDPS system and is used to test, troubleshoot and integrate algorithm updates. The algorithm integration team (AIT) at NOAA STAR is tasked to integrate the algorithm updates in ADL that could be simply plugged in the operational system. In this paper we will present the process in detail and will discuss the results of the latest update of V8 algorithm from V6 algorithm for OMPS Nadir Profile instrument.

The linearity of the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite Nadir instruments' radiometric response is characterized using two onboard LED calibrators with a series of lamp exposures of various times and therefore varying count levels. It is specified that the non-linearity of the nadir sensors shall be no more than 2% of full well, the linear degradation rate of the LED output shall be less than 1% per minute, and the high-frequency LED current variability shall be less than 0.1% RMS. During the on-orbit characterization, we monitor the lamp signal drifts, temperature dependency and nonlinearity sensitivity. The lamp signal variations are compensated prior to the calculation of the sensors' linear calibration coefficients. The calibration coefficients are derived by interpolating between measured count levels and ideal linearized count levels. System nonlinearity is estimated by fitting normalized signal count rates to a second order polynomial function. Additionally, sensor on-orbit dynamic range is verified and thermal impact on nonlinearity sensitivity is analyzed. Our results demonstrate that sensor linearity performance meets the system requirement.

The Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS), launched on-board the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership Spacecraft (S-NPP) on October 28, 2011, has been in operation for more than one year. It continues 40 years ozone study missions by providing the S-NPP science community with data products of ozone in the Earth's atmosphere. The sensor as well as the associated mission data processing system, the Interface Data Processing Segment (IDPS), necessary to process the Raw Data Records (RDRs) into Sensor Data Records (SDRs) and Environmental Data Records (EDRs), has been extensively calibrated and evaluated during the early orbit check and intensive calibration and validation (ICV). This paper will summarize the provisional SDR performance as well as the modifications of the IDPS SDR algorithm based on needs identified during the EOC and ICV. Examples of the first 18 month's sensor calibration parameters trending will be provided.

A new suite of instruments to estimate atmospheric ozone by measuring scattered solar irradiance began operating in January 2012. The measurements will be used to continue existing records of atmospheric ozone profiles as part of the NOAA Joint Polar Satellite System. This paper presents preliminary evaluations of these new products.

The Ozone Mapper Profiler Suite (OMPS)1is a new generation system designed to measure the global distribution of atmospheric Ozone on a daily basis by using scattered solar irradiance. The suite consists of three separate sensors that have been integrated and are now flying on the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP), which was successfully launched in October 2011. The OMPS instrument suite began operating in January 2012. This paper summarizes the initial OMPS nadir sensors on-orbit calibration, data analysis and characterization as well as the transition of sensor and Ozone retrievals performance from ground to real flight conditions.

The dark signal on an Ozone Mapper Profiler Suite (OMPS) charge-coupled device (CCD) results when electrons are thermally emitted into the conduction band of pixels in the active and storage regions. It effectively adds offsets to the photon-generated pixel counts and therefore impacts the Sensor Data Record (SDR) performance. This paper presents OMPS on-orbit results from dark current and electrical bias characterization and calibration on the system level. In particular, data from nominal and diagnostic activities has been collected and analyzed to extract general trends and features about the in-flight detector behaviors. The in-flight dark and bias signals are then compared with the prelaunch on-ground performance for each channel. The South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) impact and temperature dependency are also addressed. The analysis results have demonstrated that the OMPS CCD performance successfully transferred from ground to orbit; the in-flight timing pattern of the nominal dark measurements are well suited to determine general dark currents of the individual pixels, and data collected during the early orbit calibration are sufficient to perform internal consistency checks of sensor dark and bias parameters and instrument behavior. Results also suggest that to minimize the influence of hot pixels and other effects of CCD lattice damage due to energetic particle hits, the dark current shall be updated on a daily basis rather than the weekly basis as planned.

The Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Sounder (SBUS) is one of the 11 main payload instruments onboard Feng Yun-3 (FY-3), the second generation of Chinese polar orbit meteorological satellites. This paper presents the results of SBUS instrument calibration, and data and product validation during the prelaunch and postlaunch periods. Topics include the instrument prelaunch calibration and characterization, in-orbit monitoring, validation of the ozone profiles retrieved from the FY-3 SBUS measurements, and an application of the retrievals to monitoring the 2011 Arctic ozone depletion. For the prelaunch calibration of SBUS, the estimated uncertainty of laboratory calibration is approximately 4.7%. The in-orbit solar irradiance measurements indicate that the diffuser reflectivity degraded approximately 15% for the 252-nm channel, and 3% to 5% for the other 11 channels during a 12-mo period. Using ozone vertical profiles retrieved from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet (SBUV)/2s as a “truth,” the initial comparison of ozone profiles between FY-3 SBUS and SBUV/2s finds that the relative percent bias of the FY-3 SBUS with the SBUV/2 results is good. The averaged differences range over to ±7% for FY-3A SBUS and ±6% for FY-3B SBUS. The SBUS ozone profile retrievals reveal that the spring 2011 Arctic ozone depletion mainly resulted from a sharp ozone decrease in the upper troposphere to lower stratosphere, which accounts for 70% to 80% of the total ozone loss.

A cross-sensor calibration technique is developed and applied to improve upon the prelaunch radiance calibration and characterization for the Total Ozone Unit (TOU) onboard the FengYun-3/A satellite. The Level 3 products from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) onboard the Earth Observing System Aura are used as input to a radiative transfer model to predict the TOU radiances and characterize the biases for the measurements over the Pacific Ocean in low- and midlatitudes. The coefficients are derived from a regression algorithm to adjust the TOU radiances. It is shown that, after the measurement bias correction, the biases between the retrieved total column ozone products from the TOU with those from the OMI Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS)-Version 8 products and those from a set of ground-based station measurements are 3 % and 5% , respectively. The variations in the estimated total ozone amounts from the TOU are consistent with those derived from Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Radiometer instruments and OMI for a period from January 2010 to February 2011.

Validation of satellite land surface temperature (LST) is a challenge because of spectral, spatial, and temporal variabilities of land surface emissivity. Highly accurate in situ LST measurements are required for validating satellite LST products but are very hard to obtain, except at discrete points or for very short time periods (e.g., during field campaigns). To compare these field-measured point data with moderate-resolution (1 km) satellite products requires a scaling process that can introduce errors that ultimately exceed those in the satellite-derived LST products whose validation is sought. This paper presents a new method of validating the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) R-Series (GOES-R) Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) LST algorithm. It considers the error structures of both ground and satellite data sets. The method applies a linear fitting model to the satellite data and coregistered “match-up” ground data for estimating the precisions of both data sets. In this paper, GOES-8 Imager data were used as a proxy of the GOES-R ABI data for the satellite LST derivation. The in situ data set was obtained from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's SURFace RADiation (SURFRAD) budget network using a stringent match-up process. The data cover one year of GOES-8 Imager observations over six SURFRAD sites. For each site, more than 1000 cloud-free match-up data pairs were obtained for day and night to ensure statistical significance. The average precision over all six sites was found to be 1.58 K, as compared to the GOES-R LST required precision of 2.3 K. The least precise comparison at an individual SURFRAD site was 1.8 K. The conclusion is that, for these ground truth sites, the GOES-R LST algorithm meets the specifications and that an upper boundary on the precision of the satellite LSTs can be determined.

NOAA, through the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) program, in partnership with National Aeronautical Space Administration (NASA), will launch the NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP) satellite, a risk reduction and data continuity mission, prior to the first operational JPSS launch. The JPSS program will execute the NPP Calibration and Validation (Cal/Val) program to ensure the data products comply with the requirements of the sponsoring agencies.

The design of the instruments in the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite is each based on heritage instruments whose products have been validated via long-established techniques. The pre-launch performance characteristics of these instruments is as good or better than those of their predecessors, implying a similar result for OMPS ozone products. Each OMPS instrument, however, has unique design characteristics that have never before been applied to or have seen limited use in flight instruments. These aspects are singled out for special attention during the evaluation phase early in the NPP mission.

NOAA/NESDIS is implementing its own data processing for MetOP-A/GOME-2 observation. The retrieval method used for Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and Bromine monoxide (BrO) is the heritage EOS/OMI differential optical absorption spectroscopic (DOAS) method. To covert the slant column density (SCD) to the vertical column density (VCD) a differential air mass factor (dAmf) lookup table (LUT) is necessary. For the practical need, a NOAA version dAmf lookup table has been generated using a discrete ordinates radiative transfer model (DISORT). A thorough study of the algorithm, which computes air mass factor, has been conducted. It will be discussed in detail in this presentation. In this work, we first set up a DISORT model to simulate a real measurement, and then compute a six-dimensional table of dAmf for DOAS method. The computed LUT has been investigated and compared to that used in the OMINO2B algorithm.

A new set of ozone instruments, the ozone mapping and profiler suite (OMPS), will fly on the next generation of US operational polar-orbiting satellites, the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS). OMPS data products will continue and improve on the current operational atmospheric ozone products. New algorithms have been developed to make use of the greater spectral coverage and better height resolution information present in the measurements from the suite. The total ozone column and vertical ozone profile estimates from OMPS will be used in operational applications and long-term atmospheric ozone assessment studies.

The major weather services worldwide have concluded that longer-term tropospheric weather forecasting will require a more realistic treatment of the stratosphere. A major research effort is now underway at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) to extend the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) into the stratosphere. The extended NOGAPS must assimilate and forecast ozone because absorption of UV radiation by ozone provides the primary energy input into the stratosphere. This energy input is a major driver of the stratospheric circulation, which, in turn, significantly affects the large-scale movement of surface weather systems. Operational ozone data for the extended NOGAPS will be obtained from the NPOESS Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS). OMPS consists of a nadir-viewing instrument that measures the ozone total column and profile (similar to TOMS & SBUV/2), and a limb-viewing instrument designed to measure the ozone profile between the tropopause and 60 km. OMPS-like ozone data are needed for developing and testing the extensions to NOGAPS. We have proposed an early flight of OMPS, OMPS-AE (OMPS-Assimilation Experiment), to provide such data. We are also exploring techniques for merging and extending data from existing satellite measurements of ozone profiles to produce 3D global ozone fields. In the future we will conduct experiments in which the global ozone fields from OMPS-AE or the data fusion experiments will be assimilated into the extended NOGAPS, with the aim of evaluating assimilation methodologies and increased forecasting skill.

Article Free Access Share on Factoring: a practical and robust method for scheduling parallel loops Authors: Susan Flynn Hummel CRI, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 35, rue saint-honoré, 77305 Fontainebleau, France and IBM T.J. Watson Research Center and Polytechnic University, New York CRI, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 35, rue saint-honoré, 77305 Fontainebleau, France and IBM T.J. Watson Research Center and Polytechnic University, New YorkView Profile , Edith Schonberg IBM Research, T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY IBM Research, T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NYView Profile , Lawrence E. Flynn Mathematics Department, Hampton University, Hampton, VA Mathematics Department, Hampton University, Hampton, VAView Profile Authors Info & Claims Supercomputing '91: Proceedings of the 1991 ACM/IEEE conference on SupercomputingAugust 1991 Pages 610–632https://doi.org/10.1145/125826.126137Online:01 August 1991Publication History 31citation340DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations31Total Downloads340Last 12 Months9Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF