The emergence of the Internet of Robotic Things (IoRT) has enabled various intelligent applications. In these applications, robots with limited energy rely on multi-hop communication to transmit collected data for real-time monitoring, making rapid and energy-efficient data transmission crucial. In this paper, we propose a routing method for IoRT that aims to achieve rapid and energy-efficient data transmission. The main innovations of the method are threefold: (1) A learning automata-based caching policy that uses learning automata to select eligible robots for caching right data, thereby reducing the number of hops that requests and responses traverse. (2) A robot attribute-based routing model that defines various metrics, such as inter-robot link duration, to route requests, thereby mitigating data transmission failures caused by robot mobility and energy constraints. (3) An aggregation-based data access mechanism that leverages the routing model to achieve request aggregation, while exploiting the caching policy to cache responses, thereby alleviating data transmission delays and energy consumption. The experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method in terms of both data transmission delay and energy consumption.

The Internet of Robotic Things (IoRT) enables real-time data delivery and surveillance in harsh environments. In such monitoring scenarios, users need simultaneous access to diverse real-time data from multiple providers to perform collaborative, integrated analysis. The Information-Centric Networking (ICN) model satisfies this requirement by allowing consumers to efficiently share data from different providers through a single communication process. Based on this observation, we propose an ICN-enabled IoRT data routing and access framework that leverages ICN to enable rapid, simultaneous access to a variety of data. The framework utilizes inter-robot relationships and robot attributes to establish routing paths consisting of backbone robots, enabling unicast-based simultaneous sharing of various data among consumers. The experimental results demonstrate the framework's effectiveness and superiority.

Real-world content produced by Internet of Things (IoT) requires real-time transmission to satisfy high-quality surveillance. While Information-Centric Networking (ICN) can achieve rapid content access through in-network caching and aggregation, it does not provide forwarding information on backup providers that perform in-network caching. This limitation leads to content unavailability and single-point failure. Moreover, node resource depletion may cause path disruptions, which disables aggregation and results in content transmission failures. Taking these issues into account, we propose a multi-path and multi-source content transmission and caching solution. The solution leverages path weights to establish stable multi-paths towards optimal providers, sharing content among users. The experimental results justify the feasibility and superiority of the proposed solution.

The Internet of Robotic Things (IoRT) plays a crucial role in facilitating rescue missions for survivors in disaster-stricken areas. However, key challenges remain in rapidly collecting comprehensive disaster data and efficiently routing it to rescue personnel. To address these challenges, we propose an attribute-driven IoRT framework for post-disaster data collection and routing, enabling rapid and energy-efficient access to comprehensive disaster data. The proposed framework has three key innovations: (1) Robot attributes are defined to elect collection robots, leveraging Information-Centric Networking (ICN) to gather comprehensive disaster data; (2) Learning automata is exploited to elect relay robots, constructing optimized routing paths; and (3) Routing paths are reused for continuous, push-based disaster data dissemination. Experimental results demonstrate the framework’s superiority in reducing dissemination delays, improving success rates, and minimizing energy consumption compared to existing approaches.

The Internet of Things (IoT) aims to achieve rapid content transmission for real-time surveillance. The in-network caching and aggregation of the information-centric model can help enhance efficiency of content transmission, so it is integrated with IoT, called Information-Centric IoT (ICIoT), to transmit content. NDN is not originally designed for IoT, so ICIoT faces the following challenges when achieving in-network caching and aggregation: (1) Mobility and resource insufficiency of IoT devices lead to frequent reverse-path disruptions; (2) The strategy of caching everything everywhere (CEE) is inefficient in IoT with limited storage resources; and (3) NDN does not maintain forwarding information towards caching providers. Taking these challenges into account, we propose an information-centric IoT based routing and real-time content transmission for ICIoT, and aim to leverage in-network caching and aggregation to reduce content transmission delays, costs and failures. The experiment results verify the superiority of the proposal.

Road-safety content routing and dissemination through connected vehicles significantly enhance autonomous driving safety and efficiency. This paper proposes a hybrid emergency content routing and dissemination framework for autonomous driving, aiming to alleviate fresh content dissemination latency and improve success rates. The main ideas behind the framework are twofold: 1) Leverage content attributes to ensure freshness of cached contents, and 2) Exploit inter-vehicle attributes to enhance the stability of dissemination paths where fresh contents are pushed and pulled, achieving rapid access to contents. According to the experimental results, the fresh content access latency and cost are reduced by nearly 21.41% and 26.18%, and the success rate is improved by nearly 7.9%.

With the rapid increase in the number of smart devices connected to the Internet of Things (IoT), network traffic has imposed serious overload on backhaul networks and led to network congestion. Data sharing among IoT devices through multi-hop communication between smart devices is expected to ease increasing pressure of backhaul traffic. In this paper, we propose a personalized preference and social attribute based data sharing framework for information-centric IoT, aiming to improve success rates of data sharing among IoT devices and reduce data sharing delays. This framework proposes personalized preferences and social attributes to reduce data response time and avoid data delivery failures caused by obsolete FIB and broken reverse paths. The experiment results justify the advantages of the proposed framework in terms of data sharing success rates and delays.

The underwater Internet of Things (UIoT) is becoming a significant means to explore marine areas, and compared to IoT, UIoT is deployed in a three-dimension marine space characterized by water depth. In this article, we propose a reliable data forwarding framework for UIoT, and aim to leverage the named data networking to reduce delays and costs of underwater data forwarding. The main idea behind this framework is to integrate the push-based data forwarding mode with the pull-based mode to realize in-networking caching and aggregation. That is, the push-based mode implements in-networking caching to shorten distances between users and marine data while the pull-based mode exploits aggregation to share data among users from the closest provider through one data forwarding process. The experimental results show that the framework achieves the above objectives.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is multi-hop and consists of energy-limited sensor nodes that continually collect information on the physical world for real-time monitoring. IoT data is often desired by multiple users simultaneously, so energy-efficient and rapid data sharing is vital. The information-centric standard defines a novel data delivery paradigm, where data can be shared among multiple users and in-network caching can shorten distances between data and users. Therefore, we are motivated to leverage the information-centric standard to achieve IoT data sharing. In information-centric IoT, data is shared through multicast. Moreover, if energy-deficient sensor nodes perform in-network caching or build reverse paths, their energy become exhausted rapidly. In this paper, we propose a data sharing and caching framework for information-centric IoT, and aim to enable IoT data sharing and reduce energy consumption and data sharing delays using in-network caching. In the proposal, sensor nodes with relatively abundant resources are chosen to implement in-network caching and build reverse paths so that users achieve unicast-based data sharing from optimal caching sensor nodes. The framework is evaluated to demonstrate its advances and strengths.

With the increasing complexity and diversity of road-safety data, the vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) suffers from the following limitations: 1) an individual vehicle with limited resources is unable to create comprehensive road-safety data; 2) data is provided by a specific provider, leading to single-point failure; and 3) during data delivery, any vehicle except the vehicle requestor cannot access data, resulting in inefficient data communication. To overcome the limitations of VANET, the information-centric vehicular cloud (IVC) is proposed. Compared to the VANET, IVC has the following features: 1) IVC members cooperate to create a data set, including various types of data; 2) any member can provide a data set; and 3) multiple vehicles can share a data set during its transmission. Based on the observation that the information-centric networking standard (ICN) can help achieve IVC, we propose an ICN-enabled IVC-based data delivery framework, and aim to achieve rapid access to the IVC-based data set. This article analyses the challenged faced by ICN-enabled IVC data delivery and leverages social attributes to overcome the challenges. The simulation results justify the feasibility and superiority of the proposal in terms of data set delivery delays and success rates.

With the development of the Internet of Things (IoT) and robots, the Internet of Robotic Things (IoRT) becomes possible to enable data delivery and monitoring for post-disaster areas, where robots are distributed in harsh environments to produce real-time data for timely treatment. To rapidly access real-time data, we propose an interest flooding suppression-based routing method for information-centric IoRT. This method leverages robot resources to elect backbone robots with sufficient resources to execute forwarding operations, and integrates provider attributes with information-centric attributes to construct real-time routing information on active robot providers and distinguish between negative and positive requests. Negative requests are abandoned to avoid unnecessary flooding, and positive requests are forwarded toward active providers in an unicast manner to achieve data sharing among consumers. The experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the solution.

In the sparse vehicular content-centric network, discontinuous connections lead to stale forwarding information and broken reverse paths, ultimately resulting in content delivery failures. Social interactions among vehicles are considered to contribute to enhancing the efficiency of vehicular content delivery because social relationships among vehicles are generally long-term and vehicles sharing more social attributes have a higher chance of meeting each other. Therefore, we are motivated to exploit the social attributes of vehicles to address the issue of content delivery failures in the sparse vehicular content-centric network. Based on the idea, we propose a social attributes based content delivery framework for the sparse vehicular content-centric network, and aim to improve content delivery success rates and alleviate costs. The framework leverages the social metrics of vehicles to deliver contents and to perform in-network caching. The experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed framework in terms of content delivery success rates and costs.

The named data networking (NDN) might help improve data acquisition efficiency for a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) due to its advantages, but the inherent characteristics of MANET and the architecture differences between MANET and NDN make it challenging to deploy NDN in MANET. In NDN, data routers are static and servers usually work as providers, so Forwarding Information Bases (FIBs) are relatively stable. In MANET, mobile nodes assume roles of both data routers and providers, so FIBs are unstable. Frequent FIB update may cause broadcast storm and stale FIBs, which results in data acquisition failures. Moreover, in NDN reverse paths are made up of static data routers, so they are relatively steady. In MANET reverse paths involve a large number of mobile nodes, so they frequently disrupt. This leads to frequent data acquisition failures and considerable data retrieval costs and delays. Taking these challenges into account, we propose an efficient data acquisition solution for NDN-based MANET and aim to improve data acquisition success rates and reduce data acquisition costs. In the proposal, mobile nodes perform data retrieval without FIBs and multiple consumers retrieve data via one data acquisition process. Furthermore, mobility support is achieved to guarantee reverse-path continuity and successful reception of data. Finally, the proposed solution is evaluated, and the experimental results show that the solution effectively improves data retrieval success rates and reduce data retrieval costs and delays.

The Internet of Things (IoT) aims to enhance the quality of human life by sensing, processing and delivering data from the physical world. The Internet of Things Cloud (IoTC) is able to enhance sensing capabilities of IoT devices while fog computing can overcome computation and storage limitations of IoT devices. Based on this observation, we propose a fog-assisted IoTC data collection and delivery framework to reduce IoTC-based data communication costs and enhance success rates. The framework exploits the named data networking to deliver IoTC-based data so that multiple IoT devices can retrieve data from the nearest provider via one data delivery process. Moreover, the framework achieves mobility support for IoT devices to guarantee successful receipt of data. The experimental results show that this framework reduces data communication costs by nearly 37.15% and improves success rates by nearly 9.25%.

The Internet-of-Things Cloud (IoTC) is a new Internet-of-Things (IoT) system, which aims to achieve rapid data retrieval. IoT typically uses the Internet protocol (IP)-based data delivery methods to retrieve data, but it is hard to employ the IP-based methods to achieve IoTC. The named data networking (NDN) presents a new data-centric paradigm, and its advantages may help achieve IoTC. Based on this observation, we are motivated to utilize NDN to achieve IoTC. However, due to different architectures and working mechanisms, it is challenging to deploy NDN in IoT. For instance, NDN employs reverse paths and limited flooding to retrieve data, which might cause frequent data acquisition failures and considerable costs in mobile environments such as IoT. Moreover, NDN lacks effective mobility support strategies, which deteriorates the situation. Taking these challenges into account, we propose an efficient NDN-based IoT cloud framework and aim to improve data retrieval success rates and reduce costs. In this framework, consumers employ unicast to acquire data from the nearest IoTC member via one data retrieval process and node mobility is supported to ensure the successful reception of data. The framework is quantitatively evaluated, and the data results show that our framework enhances the data acquisition success rate by nearly 8.4% and reduces the cost by nearly 41.8% compared with the IoTC approach.

Named Data Networking (NDN) might potentially help improve data acquisition efficiency in vehicular environments, so it is introduced into vehicular networks, namely vehicular NDN (VNDN). In the existing VNDN solutions, a large number of vehicles with high mobility are involved in forwarding messages, so it is hard to achieve request aggregation that is the main advantage of NDN and can help reduce the data acquisition delay. Moreover, the solutions employ flooding to achieve data retrieval without consumer mobility support, which increases the data acquisition cost and reduces the data acquisition success rate. In this paper, we propose a novel VNDN framework and aim to reduce the data acquisition delay and cost and improve the data acquisition success rate. In this framework, the cluster-chain vehicular backbone is constructed to enhance the stability of the backbone topology. Based on cluster chains, consumers can employ request aggregation and unicast to acquire data from the nearest provider. Moreover, consumer mobility is supported to guarantee successful retrieval of data in spite of high mobility of vehicles. This framework is quantitatively evaluated. According to the experimental results, compared with the VNDN approaches, our framework reduces the data acquisition cost and delay by nearly 54.6% and 12.3%, respectively, and improves the data retrieval success rate by nearly 7.9%.

The primary goal of the Internet of Vehicle (IoV) is to achieve high-quality content communications in order to enable a safe, comfortable, and environment-aware driving. Therefore, it is significant to reduce content retrieval latency and improve content retrieval success rates. However, Internet Protocol (IP)-based communications might lead to considerable content retrieval latency and high-content retrieval failure rates when they are applied in IoV. To reduce content retrieval latency and improve success rates, we combine vehicular cloud (VC) with IoV and propose a VC-based content retrieval solution in IoV. In this solution, vehicles do not perform handovers, so the content retrieval success rate is improved. Moreover, vehicles can retrieve the content from the nearest VC member in a unicast way, so the content retrieval latency is reduced. This solution is analyzed and evaluated, and the data show that it effectively achieves the above objectives.

Content‐centric networking (CCN) used the name of an Interest to seek the target content, where the name was a plaintext and unprotected. Apart from the name, the content in one Data is also unprotected. If an unauthorised node intercepted an Interest , it could infer what kind of content is requested. If the node intercepted a response Data , it could illegally acquire the content. This study focused on the privacy issues of CCN and proposed a CCN framework with privacy support. In this framework, the concept of a privacy name was proposed and accordingly the forwarding information base (FIB) and pending Interest table (PIT) establishment algorithms based on privacy names were proposed. On the basis of the proposed FIB and PIT, the content communication algorithm based on privacy names was presented. In this algorithm, one authorised consumer could use a privacy name to seek, retrieve and share the ciphertext of the content, so the privacy was achieved. Finally, the privacy of this framework was analysed and the performance was evaluated to justify its advantages.

The name-centric mechanism relies on reverse paths to achieve content delivery. In vehicular environments, reverse paths may frequently break due to high mobility, and consequently, content communications might frequently fail. Taking into account the advantages of the name-centric mechanism and address-centric mechanism, we are motivated to integrate the address-centric mechanism with the name-centric mechanism and aim to overcome the above limitations. Based on this motivation, we propose a location-related content communication method with mobility support in vehicular environments. In this proposal, a user can acquire contents from the nearest provider in a unicast way, so the content communication failures caused by reverse-path disruption are avoided and the communication cost and latency are lowered. Moreover, this method achieves the provider and receiver handovers to guarantee that the content communications can be successfully performed. Finally, this proposal is analyzed and evaluated and the data show that it effectively improves the content communication success rate and reduces the cost and latency.

ABSTRACT This paper proposes a secure mobility support scheme for 6LoWPAN wireless sensor networks. The paper first presents the IPv6 over Low power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPAN) architecture where the routing can be automatically performed. With the architecture, both the hierarchical Internet protocol version 6 address structure and the secure address configuration algorithm for a 6LoWPAN wireless sensor network are proposed. With the architecture and the address structure, the secure intranetwork and internetwork mobility handover algorithms are presented, and they utilize the encryption and authentication to achieve the security. During the mobility process, a mobile node does not need a care‐of address, so the mobility handover process includes neither the care‐of address configuration operation nor the address‐binding operation. As a result, the mobility handover cost and delay are reduced. Moreover, mobile nodes do not need to be involved in the mobility handover process, so the packet loss caused by mobile nodes' failure is avoided. During the intranetwork mobility handover process, a link address is used to identify a mobile node, so the size of a control message is reduced substantially. As a result, the transmission cost and delay are reduced. The paper analyzes the performance parameters of the proposed scheme, including mobility handover cost, delay, and packet loss rate. Compared with the existing scheme without security, the proposed scheme has relatively good mobility handover performance. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

ABSTRACT We propose a secure Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) address configuration scheme for a Mobile Ad Hoc Network. The scheme presents the architecture for a Mobile Ad Hoc Network and the hierarchical IPv6 address structure. In the architecture, a new node can acquire a unique IPv6 address from a proxy node within one‐hop scope without performing a duplicate address detection process, and the IP addresses occupied by failed nodes can be recovered automatically for reuse. On the basis of the hierarchical IPv6 address structure, each proxy node can acquire a unique address scope for assignment and assign a unique IP address for new nodes, so the address configuration task is distributed around proxy nodes. In addition, the transmission scope of the control packets for address configuration is controlled within one‐hop scope, so the address configuration cost is reduced, and the delay is shortened. The security of the proposed address configuration scheme is achieved through authentication. The paper analyzes the performance parameters of the proposed scheme and the existing schemes, and the analytical results show that the address configuration cost of the proposed scheme is lower and the delay is shorter. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The existing designs for providing Anycast services are either to confine each Anycast group to a preconfigured topological region or to globally distribute routes to individual Anycast groups which causes the routing tables to grow proportionally to the number of all global Anycast groups in the entire Internet, both of which restrict and hinder the application and development of Anycast services. A new kind of Anycast communication model is proposed on the basis of Anycast tree in this paper. Since this model achieves dynamic Anycast group and allows Anycast members to freely leave and join Anycast group it radically solves the existing scalability problem. In addition, this model accomplishes the distributed maintenance and transaction of Anycast nodes so it accomplishes the load balance. This paper deeply analyzes and discusses the feasibility and validity of this communication model, and argues that it supports the large-scale Anycast group.