Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit impressive performance across various tasks, but deploying them for inference poses challenges. Their high resource demands often necessitate complex, costly multi-GPU pipelines, or the use of smaller, less capable models. While quantization offers a promising solution utilizing lower precision for model storage, existing methods frequently experience significant performance drops at lower precision levels. Additionally, they typically provide only a limited set of solutions at specific bit levels, many of which are extensively manually tuned. To address these challenges, we propose a new method called SKIM: Scaled K-means clustering wIth Mixed precision. Our approach introduces two novel techniques: 1. A greedy algorithm to solve approximately optimal bit allocation across weight channels, and 2. A trainable scaling vector for non-differentiable K-means clustering. These techniques substantially improve the model performance and can be adapted to any given bit. Notably, in terms of perplexity, our method narrows the gap between quantized LLaMA models and their full precision counterparts by around 14% on average.

PyTorch 2.x introduces a compiler designed to accelerate deep learning programs. However, for machine learning researchers, fully leveraging the PyTorch compiler can be challenging due to its operation at the Python bytecode level, making it appear as an opaque box. To address this, we introduce depyf, a tool designed to demystify the inner workings of the PyTorch compiler. depyf decompiles the bytecode generated by PyTorch back into equivalent source code and establishes connections between the code objects in the memory and their counterparts in source code format on the disk. This feature enables users to step through the source code line by line using debuggers, thus enhancing their understanding of the underlying processes. Notably, depyf is non-intrusive and user-friendly, primarily relying on two convenient context managers for its core functionality. The project is openly available at https://github.com/thuml/depyf and is recognized as a PyTorch ecosystem project at https://pytorch.org/blog/introducing-depyf.