Fabric is a modular and extensible open-source system for deploying and operating permissioned blockchains and one of the Hyperledger projects hosted by the Linux Foundation (www.hyperledger.org).

HBase is an open source distributed Key/Value store based on the idea of Big Table. It is being used in many data-center Papplications (e.g. Face book, Twitter, etc.) because of its portability and massive scalability. For this kind of system, low latency and high throughput is expected when supporting services for large scale concurrent accesses. However, the existing HBase implementation is built upon Java Sockets Interface that provides sub-optimal performance due to the overhead to provide cross-platform portability. The byte-stream oriented Java sockets semantics confine the possibility to leverage new generations of network technologies. This makes it hard to provide high performance services for data-intensive applications. High Performance Computing (HPC) domain has exploited high performance and low latency networks such as Infini Band for many years. These interconnects provide advanced network features, such as Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA), to achieve high throughput and low latency along with low CPU utilization. RDMA follows memory-block semantics, which can be adopted efficiently to satisfy the object transmission primitives used in HBase. In this paper, we present a novel design of HBase for RDMA capable networks via Java Native Interface (JNI). Our design extends the existing open-source HBase software and makes it RDMA capable. Our performance evaluation reveals that latency of HBase Get operations of 1KB message size can be reduced to 43.7μs with the new design on QDR platform (32 Gbps). This is about a factor of 3.5 improvement over 10 Gigabit Ethernet (10 GigE) network with TCP Offload. Throughput evaluations using four HBase region servers and 64 clients indicate that the new design boosts up throughput by 3 X times over 1 GigE and 10 GigE networks. To the best of our knowledge, this is first HBase design utilizing high performance RDMA capable interconnects.

HBase is an open source, distributed, column-oriented Key/Value database. In this paper, we focus on analyzing the performance aspects of HBase. Existing literature on HBase provides high level descriptions of the operations and present overall performance results. We conducted comprehensive experiments and identified different factors contributing to the overall latency of Get and Put operations. Our experimental results reveal that communication time is about 67% and 45% for a 1 KB Get request over 1 Gigabit Ethernet (1 GigE) and 10 Gigabit Ethernet (10 GigE) networks, respectively, for in-memory workloads. Our results show that HBase communication stack and associated operations need to be re-designed for high-performance networks like InfiniBand and its features.

Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) acts as the primary storage of Hadoop and has been adopted by reputed organizations (Facebook, Yahoo! etc.) due to its portability and fault-tolerance. The existing implementation of HDFS uses Javasocket interface for communication which delivers suboptimal performance in terms of latency and throughput. For dataintensive applications, network performance becomes key component as the amount of data being stored and replicated to HDFS increases. In this paper, we present a novel design of HDFS using Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) over InfiniBand via JNI interfaces. Experimental results show that, for 5GB HDFS file writes, the new design reduces the communication time by 87% and 30% over 1Gigabit Ethernet (1GigE) and IP-over-InfiniBand (IPoIB), respectively, on QDR platform (32Gbps). For HBase, the Put operation performance is improved by 26% with our design. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first design of HDFS over InfiniBand networks.

Enterprise software systems automate the business processes of most nontrivial organizations in the world economy. These systems are immensely complex, and their function is critical to our living standards and everyday lives. Their design, implementation, and maintenance occupies many thousands of programmers and engineers, who work in what are aptly called the "COBOL dungeons"1 of the IT sector. These systems have persisted, growing by accretion -- some for decades; there are enterprise systems in existence today whose original and even subsequent authors are retired or deceased. Such extraordinarly old, multi-layered systems might appear to be the last place to apply avante-garde techniques, but in fact, they are extremely promising candidates, and for reasons directly connected to their history and structure.In this talk we take a tour of several deployed enterprise software systems, and demonstrate that the appropriate application of methods from functional programming can and does in fact yield dramatic performance improvements and thus commercial advan-tage in the design and implementation of enterprise software. This concrete application is an instance of a general plan for the application of advanced programming language design and analysis methods, to the problem of improving enterprise software. It is the thesis of this talk that to a great extent, it is in enterprise software that advanced PL techniques can find their most advantageous application. This talk literally breaks no new ground in PL research: every technique discussed is nearly two decades old, and our goal is to introduce PL researchers to what we feel is an ideal target for their work.

While Java provides many software engineering benefits, it lacks a coherent module system and instead provides only packages (which are primarily a name space mechanism) and classloaders (which are very low-level). As a result, large Java applications suffer from unexpected interactions between independent components, require complex CLASSPATH definitions, and are often extremely complex to install and maintain. We have implemented a module system for Java called MJ that is implemented with class loaders, but provides a much higher-level interface. High-level properties can be specified in a module definition and are enforced by the module system as new modules are loaded. To experimentally validate the ability of MJ to properly handle the complex module inter-relationships found in large Java server systems, we replaced the classloader mechanisms of Apache Tomcat 4.1.18 [27] with 30 MJ modules. The modified Tomcat is functionally identical to the original, but requires no CLASSPATH definitions, and will operate correctly even if user code loads a different version of a module used by Tomcat, such as the Xerces XML parser [31]. Furthermore, by making a small change to the Java core libraries enabled by MJ, we obtained a 30% performance improvement in a servlet microbenchmark.

Language-supported synchronization is a source of serious performance problems in many Java programs. Even single-threaded applications may spend up to half their time performing useless synchronization due to the thread-safe nature of the Java libraries. We solve this performance problem with a new algorithm that allows lock and unlock operations to be performed with only a few machine instructions in the most common cases. Our locks only require a partial word per object, and were implemented without increasing object size. We present measurements from our implementation in the JDK 1.1.2 for AIX, demonstrating speedups of up to a factor of 5 in micro-benchmarks and up to a factor of 1.7 in real programs.