The paper introduces a customized approach to handle failures in IEC 61131-3 programmable controllers.The solution assumes the utilization of a virtual machine as a runtime environment to execute control code in an isolated manner.A formal model of the runtime is presented, employing denotational semantics.Subsequently, the model is expanded by incorporating new procedures that enable the handling of runtime exceptions using ST code constructs.This formal model serves as the foundation for implementing the exception infrastructure in the CPDev development environment.The research presented in the paper, driven by industry demands, aims to facilitate the development of more reliable and resilient control systems, capable of effectively dealing with failures.

Electronic devices in the 21st century have numerous network components, including wireless or wired Internet access modules.Connecting devices to networks and cloud services enables them to access new functionalities and unlock system updates and device security enhancements.The article presents the concept of an intelligent laundry management system based on RFID and cloud computing.The Internet connection not only unlocks additional features of the washing machine, such as different washing modes, but also allows for selecting the appropriate detergent level and washing parameters based on the textile material being washed.Additionally, the paper presents the solution and measurement studies on the accuracy of textile identification.

Denotational semantic model and its implementation in C/C++ are presented for a virtual machine executing programs written in the CPDev development environment according to IEC 61131 standard.Programs written in IEC ST language are compiled to control-oriented intermediate language designed specifically for the machine.Architecture of the machine and its operation are represented by formal semantic model which assigns abstract algebraic objects to denote machine behaviour.Execution of intermediate language instructions is described in details by denotational semantic equations followed strictly by C/C++ implementations to assure reliability of the machine.

The article presents a prototype indoor space mapping solution using RFID transponders.The autonomous robot reads the information they contain using a set of several readers, which improves the process.The design of the robot prototype is based on the STM32 NUCLEO module.Two types of transponder grids are considered, square and triangular.Simulation results for both grid types show the efficiency of reading information from transponders by the moving robot.

HMI graphical panels become more and more common in control devices such as industrial PLC controllers. The authors propose a multiplatform solution incorporating HMI development tools and runtime environment which takes into account specifics of such devices, including limited resources. HMI visualization is oriented to graphic objects and can be programmed in languages defined in IEC 61131-3 standard together with control algorithms. An architecture of the mechanism, as well as details of development and runtime components are presented.