A lack of access to learning opportunities is among the main reasons for social exclusion of people with cognitive disabilities in the professional field. It has been accentuated in the last few years by the rapid development of online learning strategies that limit the physical presence of students and instructors. Personalized systems can help overcome access barriers in learning for people with disabilities by helping them learn autonomously without the direct intervention of tutors. However, despite the wide range of research initiatives in this area to deal with individual differences, learners with cognitive disabilities still suffer from a lack of consideration of their conditions. Indeed, most e-learning platforms have been designed without taking into account users with multiple profiles and impairments. This paper systematically reviewed papers to provide insights about personalization within e-learning systems. We highlight personalization goals and approaches and review whether they improve learning accessibility and outcomes. The objective is to discuss the strengths and weaknesses of current research and suggest some opportunities to improve research in personalized e-learning systems for people with cognitive disabilities.

Personalizing instruction through computer assistive technologies seek to promote equal opportunities in learning by considering students' differences and learning disabilities. In particular, children who have dyscalculia struggle with mathematical concepts comprehension, which usually has a negative impact on their academic performance and daily activities. In this paper, we suggest PosiCalculia, an adaptive virtual environment that takes into account students' abilities and progression to create a personalized learning experience. It is based on an assessment tool as well as adaptive serious games that aim to improve students' mathematical skills while maintaining their motivation and engagement. We conducted a pilot experiment with therapists and children with dyscalculia to study the usability of the virtual environment and its impact on their learning outcomes. The results of the experiment show that the virtual environment can be a promising learning tool to improve learners' mathematical skills while providing them with an enjoyable learning experience.