n the agricultural domain, the deployment of large language models (LLMs) is hindered by the lack of training data and evaluation benchmarks. To mitigate this issue, we propose AgriEval, the first comprehensive Chinese agricultural benchmark with three main characteristics: (1) Comprehensive Capability Evaluation. AgriEval covers six major agriculture categories and 29 subcategories within agriculture, addressing four core cognitive scenarios—memorization, understanding, inference, and generation. (2) High-Quality Data. The dataset is curated from university-level examinations and assignments, providing a natural and robust benchmark for assessing the capacity of LLMs to apply knowledge and make expert-like decisions. (3) Diverse Formats and Extensive Scale. AgriEval comprises 14,697 multiple-choice questions and 2,167 open-ended question-and-answer questions, establishing it as the most extensive agricultural benchmark available to date. We also present comprehensive experimental results over 51 open-source and commercial LLMs. The experimental results reveal that most existing LLMs struggle to achieve 60 percent accuracy, underscoring the developmental potential in agricultural LLMs. Additionally, we conduct extensive experiments to investigate factors influencing model performance and propose strategies for enhancement.

Lifelong model editing (LME) aims to sequentially rectify outdated or inaccurate knowledge in deployed LLMs while minimizing side effects on unrelated inputs.However, existing approaches typically apply parameter perturbations to a static and dense set of LLM layers for all editing instances.This practice is counter-intuitive, as we hypothesize that different pieces of knowledge are stored in distinct layers of the model.Neglecting this layer-wise specificity can impede adaptability in integrating new knowledge and result in catastrophic forgetting for both general and previously edited knowledge.To address this, we propose HiEdit, a hierarchical reinforcement learning framework that adaptively identifies the most knowledge-relevant layers for each editing instance.By enabling dynamic, instance-aware layer selection and incorporating an intrinsic reward for sparsity, HiEdit achieves precise, localized updates.Experiments on various LLMs show that HiEdit boosts the performance of the competitive RLEdit by an average of 8.48% with perturbing only half of the layers per edit.Our code is available at: https://github.com/yangfanww/hiedit.

Personalized text-to-image synthesis models, such as DreamBooth, have demonstrated significant potential in creating lifelike images tailored to a specific individual by fine-tuning from a limited set of face images and simple prompts. However, if misused, these model could pose a serious risk of privacy infringement by generating harmful images containing violent or pornographic content. To tackle this issue, this paper introduces MYOPIA, a method that renders facial images unlearnable by incorporating error-minimizing perturbations. These meticulously designed perturbations enables the model to quickly overfit to them, resulting in a swift reduction in loss and the cessation of model fine-tuning, effectively preventing the model from capturing genuine facial features. Moreover, to ensure the imperceptibility and robustness of the perturbations, we utilize the Just-Noticeable-Difference and Expectation-of-Transformation techniques to regulate both their location and intensity. Evaluation on two face dataset, i.e., VGGFace2 and CelebA-HQ, with various model versions illustrates the effectiveness of our approach in preserving personal privacy. Furthermore, our method showcases robust transferability across diverse model versions and demonstrates resilience against various image pre-processing techniques.

• This paper investigates the capacity of AI models for airway modelling on national datasets with paired clinical metadata. • We evaluated AI models against unharmonised, noisy, and out-of-distribution data, as well as the prognostication for FLD. • We found a new biomarker for mortality prediction, outperforming existing clinical measurements (FVC% and fibrosis scores). • In-depth analysis of AI models on airway modelling and prognosis, highlighting challenges and future research directions. Airway-related quantitative imaging biomarkers are crucial for examination, diagnosis, and prognosis in pulmonary diseases. However, the manual delineation of airway structures remains prohibitively time-consuming. While significant efforts have been made towards enhancing automatic airway modelling, current public-available datasets predominantly concentrate on lung diseases with moderate morphological variations. The intricate honeycombing patterns present in the lung tissues of fibrotic lung disease patients exacerbate the challenges, often leading to various prediction errors. To address this issue, the 'Airway-Informed Quantitative CT Imaging Biomarker for Fibrotic Lung Disease 2023′ (AIIB23) competition was organized in conjunction with the official 2023 International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention (MICCAI). The airway structures were meticulously annotated by three experienced radiologists. Competitors were encouraged to develop automatic airway segmentation models with high robustness and generalization abilities, followed by exploring the most correlated QIB of mortality prediction. A training set of 120 high-resolution computerised tomography (HRCT) scans were publicly released with expert annotations and mortality status. The online validation set incorporated 52 HRCT scans from patients with fibrotic lung disease and the offline test set included 140 cases from fibrosis and COVID-19 patients. The results have shown that the capacity of extracting airway trees from patients with fibrotic lung disease could be enhanced by introducing voxel-wise weighted general union loss and continuity loss. In addition to the competitive image biomarkers for mortality prediction, a strong airway-derived biomarker (Hazard ratio>1.5, p < 0.0001) was revealed for survival prognostication compared with existing clinical measurements, clinician assessment and AI-based biomarkers.

Large datasets become common in applications like Internet services, genomic sequence analysis and astronomical telescope. The demanding requirements of memory and computation power force data mining algorithms to be parallelized in order to efficiently deal with the large datasets. This paper introduces our experience of grouping internet users by mining a huge volume of Web access log of up to 100 gigabytes. The application is realized using hierarchical clustering algorithms with Map-Reduce, a parallel processing framework over clusters. However, the immediate implementation of the algorithms suffers from efficiency problem for both inadequate memory and higher execution time. This paper present an efficient hierarchical clustering method of mining large datasets with Map-Reduce. The method includes two optimization techniques: ¿Batch Updating¿ to reduce the computational time and communication costs among cluster nodes, and ¿Co-occurrence based feature selection¿ to decrease the dimension of feature vectors and eliminate noise features. The empirical study shows the first technique can significantly reduce the IO and distributed communication overhead, reducing the total execution time to nearly 1/15. Experimentally, the second technique efficiently simplifies the features while obtains improved accuracy of hierarchical clustering.