Recent advances in Large Language Models demonstrate remarkable improvements in reasoning capabilities, such as DeepSeek-R1 and OpenAI-o1. However, reasoning over out-of-distribution (OOD) domains remains challenging. Existing enhancement techniques, including fine-tuning and retrieval-augmented generation, offer limited relief to this issue. While these approaches can improve factual recall and domain alignment, they do not fundamentally resolve the gap between linguistic and execution semantics. For example, autonomous agents in blockchain systems are capable of understanding commands of a decentralized governance proposal but not of carrying them out in real networks. To address this challenge, we propose a multi-agent system for OOD reasoning. The system incorporates DAOLang, a Domain-Specific Language that simplifies the specification of various governance proposals, to achieve reasoning optimization via abstract domain semantics, i.e., operational processes, conditions, and invariants that specific domain applications follow. The synthesis and improvements of DAOLang programs are based on a novel Label-Centric Retrieval algorithm and an iterative repair mechanism. A preliminary evaluation on real-world applications reflects the potential of our system in reasoning over governance proposal execution compared with existing multi-agent systems.

Pantana phyllostachysaeChao (P. phyllostachysae) is a destructive leaf-eating pest that poses a significant threat to the health of bamboo forests and the bamboo industry. However, the spatial and temporal spread mechanisms of this pest are still unclear. To better understand and predict the spread of this pest, we used Sentinel-2A/B images from the pest detection period of 2018 to 2021, to identify association factors from five dimensions, including forest stand, meteorology, topography, pest sources, and human environment factors. The association factor sets for the spread ofP. phyllostachysaewere established under both existence and non-existence pest control scenarios. The extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) model was employed to derive conversion rules for the respective spread models, enabling the determination of suitability probabilities for both healthy and damaged bamboo forests. These probabilities were then utilized in conjunction with cellular automata (CA) to simulate the spread ofP. phyllostachysaeunder two scenarios. The results showed that the OA and Kappa reached more than 85% and 0.7 in both scenarios, respectively. Meanwhile, the division of pest control scenarios and the selection of XGBoost both help to improve the spreading simulation accuracy. Our models effectively coupled the research results of leaf hosts of different damage levels, simulated the spread ofP. phyllostachysae, and identified the dynamic mechanisms of the pest’s spread. These findings provide decision support for interrupting the spread path of the pest and achieving precise control, thus safeguarding forest ecological security.

Collaborative development in open-source software (OSS) has long been limited by the lack of participation, i.e., A project is often maintained by an insufficient number of developers, especially for small- and medium-size projects. To establish a sustainable ecosystem for global developers and projects, we propose a decentralised and trustless open-source protocol Committable for all OSS software. The key insight behind Committable is an accountable and trusted tokenisation technology on blockchain that creates the CMT software assets for a variety of artefacts (e.g., document, code, testcase, makefile etc..) across the whole development lifecycle. A CMT token defines an abstraction of commits to OSS and systematically models the contribution from developers, therefore is far more comprehensive than a commit hash that are commonly used to identify software versions. In further, Committable introduces the Problem-Solution-Risk (PSR) framework to evaluate and reward a given set of CMT in an unbiased manner based on their contributions to a project. Owners of CMT are allowed to trade their tokens in the marketplace on blockchain established by Committable. The trading of CMT leads to transfer of token rights (e.g., sell, earn PSR rewards etc.), and more importantly, royalty to the developer for his or her original contribution. This demonstration proposal will introduce Committable on the test net of Ethereum and describe a preliminary case study with the OpenZeppelin project.

Golang (short for Go programming language) is a fast and compiled language, which has been increasingly used in industry due to its excellent performance on concurrent programming. Golang redefines concurrent programming grammar, making it a challenge for traditional clone detection tools and techniques. However, there exist few tools for detecting duplicates or copy-paste related bugs in Golang. Therefore, an effective and efficient code clone detector on Golang is especially needed.

Synchronous embedded systems are becoming more and more complicated and are usually implemented with integrated hardware/software solutions. This implementation manner brings new challenges to the traditional model-driven design environments such as SCADE and STATEMATE, that supports pure hardware or software design. In this paper, we propose a co-design tool Tsmart-Edola to facilitate the system developers, and automatically generate the executable VHDL code and C code from the for- mal verified SyncBlock computation model. SyncBlock is a lightweight high-level system specification model with well defined syntax, simulation and formal semantics. Based on which, the graphical model editor, graphical simulator, verification translator, and code generator are implemented and seamlessly integrated into the Tsmart-Edola. For evaluation, we apply Tsmart-Edola to the design of a real-world train controller based on the international standard IEC 61375. Several critical ambiguousness or bugs in the standard are detected during formal verification of the constructed system model. Furthermore, the generated VHDL code and C code of Tsmart-Edola outperform that of the state-of-the-art tools in terms of synthesized gate array resource consumption and binary code size.

Today's distributed systems are commonly equipped with both synchronous and asynchronous components controlled with multiple clocks. The key challenges in designing such systems are (1) how to model multi-clocked local synchronous component, local asynchronous component, and asynchronous communication among components in a single framework. (2) how to ensure the correctness of model, and keep consistency between the model and the implementation of real system. In this paper, we propose a novel computation model named GalsBlock for the design of multi-clocked embedded system with both synchronous and asynchronous components. The computation model consists of several hierarchical compound and atom blocks communicating with data port connections. Each atom block can be refined as parallel mealy automata. The synchronous component can be captured in an atom block with the corresponding local control clock while the asynchronous component in an atom block without clock, and the asynchronous communications can be captured in the data port connections among blocks. The unified operational semantics and formal semantics are defined, which can be used for simulation and verification, respectively. Then, we can generate efficient VHDL code from the validated model, which can be synthesized into the FPGA processor for execution directly. We have developed the graphical modeling, simulation, verification, and code generation toolkit to support the computation model, and applied it in the design of a sub-system used in the real train communication control.

The key challenges of the model-driven approach to designing multi-clocked embedded systems are three-fold: (1) how to model local synchronous components and asynchronous communication between components in a single framework, (2) how to ensure the correctness of the model, and (3) how to maintain the consistency between the model and the implementation of the system. In this paper, we present Tsmart, a self-contained toolkit to address these three challenges. Tsmart seamlessly integrates (1) a graphical editor to facilitate the modeling of the complex behaviors and structures in an embedded system, (2) a simulator for interactive graphical simulation to understand and debug the system model, (3) a verication engine to verify the correctness of the system design, and (4) a synthesis engine to automatically generate ecient executable VHDL code from the model. The toolkit has been successfully applied to designing the main control system of a train communication controller, and the system has already been deployed and in operation. The evaluation of Tsmart on this real industrial application demonstrates the eectiveness and the potential of the toolkit.

Rotary traveling-wave oscillator (RTWO) is a recently pro- posed transmission-line approach for multi-gigahertz rate clock generation. RTWO has the characteristics of both conventional LC tank oscillator and ring oscillator. Thus, it is difficult to be analyzed by a general-purpose method. This paper presents a systematic and efficient method for RTWO modeling and optimization. Equations for frequency, power dissipation, die area, loop gain and phase noise are formulated in posynomial forms. The resulting optimization problem is relaxed to be a Geometric Programming (GP) and can be efficiently solved with a convex optimization solver. A novel scheme to control the rotation direction is also suggested for skew control. Experimental results show that our method can rapidly compute the globally optimal trade-off and reduce the power by up to 85% for a 11.8 GHz RTWO design. Compared to a recently reported low-power methodology, the proposed design scheme can save about 50% of die area and achieve lower power dissipation as well as faster rise/fall time.

A novel method based on the phase information of continuous wavelet transform to estimate the instantaneous parameter of an AM-FM signal is introduced, and some strategies, including the determination of initial value in the iteration and post-processing to the estimated results, to improve the performance of the algorithm are proposed. Compared to several other instantaneous parameter estimators, such as CDF, Teager-Kaiser energy operator, and some TFR-based estimators, the proposed method has the advantages of noise resistance and accuracy by exploiting the time-scale localization of the wavelet transform. Simulation results testify that the proposed strategies improve the performance of the CWT based iteration algorithm greatly, and the method has excellent performance including robustness and accuracy in noisy conditions.