In this work, we focus on methods for the preprocessing of neurons from three-dimensional (3-D) confocal microscopy images, which are needed for a subsequent detailed morphologic analysis. Due to the specific image properties of confocal microscopy scans, we had to include several heuristic approaches which are based on multiscale edges to guarantee meaningful results: (1) a reliable segmentation of objects of different sizes independent of image contrast, and, based on it, (2) the computation of skeleton points along the branch central axes, and (3) the reliable detection of branching points and of problematic regions. These are preprocessing steps to gather information which is needed by the subsequent construction of a graph representing the geometry of the neuron and a final surface reconstruction.