Remote sensing images have a variety of application prospects because of their rich information. Due to recent advances in deep learning methods, solid improvements have been made in the semantic segmentation of high-resolution remote sensing images. However, achieving precise segmentation of small and crowded objects remains a challenge. To tackle this challenging task, a Boundary Guided Cross Fusion module (BGCFM) is proposed. The Bidirectional Boundary Gate module (BBGM) is designed to provide reliable boundary information for BGCFM. Based on these two models, a remote sensing images real-time semantic segmentation network, boundary guided cross fusion network (BGCFNet), is designed. The effectiveness of the boundary-guided fusion method and the performance of BGCFNet were verified on the GID-5 dataset without pretraining. The application of the boundary-guided fusion method on the SOTA dual-branch real-time semantic segmentation network improves segmentation accuracy. BGCFNet achieves the best performance with a Mean Intersection over Union (mIoU) of 88.82%. Its inference speed is about 1.5 times that of other networks in the experiment, achieving an excellent balance between accuracy and speed.

With the wide application of advanced industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and cyber physical system (CPS) technologies, the manufacturing resources assignment method is transformed from manual and passive mode to intelligent and active mode. However, due to the lack of real-time analysis and accurate prediction of production performance, the production adjustment demands are often released after production exceptions happen, and production decisions are often made based on historical production information, which may lead to the problem of production interruption or performance reduction. To address this issue, a proactive manufacturing resources assignment (PMRA) method based on production performance prediction for the smart factory is proposed. First, the advanced IIoT and CPS technologies are applied to create a cloud-edge cooperation environment for a smart factory, where the resources are made smart with distributed control capacity, and cloud center and edge resources can collaborate dynamically. Second, a real-time colored Petri net enabled key production performance indicators analysis and prediction method are proposed to extract real-time production information and predict future production status accurately. Then, the PMRA method is presented to assign the resources before production exceptions happen. Finally, a case study from a typical manufacturer for computer numerical control machine tools in North China is used to validate the proposed method and results show that the proposed PMRA method can largely reduce the total tardiness and the total energy consumption.

Discrete manufacturing systems are characterized by dynamics and uncertainty of operations and behavior due to exceptions in production-logistics synchronization. To deal with this problem, a self-adaptive collaborative control (SCC) mode is proposed for smart production-logistics systems to enhance the capability of intelligence, flexibility, and resilience. By leveraging cyber-physical systems (CPSs) and industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), real-time status data are collected and processed to perform decision making and optimization. Hybrid automata is used to model the dynamic behavior of physical manufacturing resources, such as machines and vehicles in shop floors. Three levels of collaborative control granularity, including nodal SCC, local SCC, and global SCC, are introduced to address different degrees of exceptions. Collaborative optimization problems are solved using analytical target cascading (ATC). A proof of concept simulation based on a Chinese aero-engine manufacturer validates the applicability and efficiency of the proposed method, showing reductions in waiting time, makespan, and energy consumption with reasonable computational time. This article potentially enables manufacturers to implement CPS and IIoT in manufacturing environments and build up smart, flexible, and resilient production-logistics systems.

Recent advances in technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) have provided promising opportunities to solve problems in urban traffic. With the help of IoT technologies, online data from road segments are captured by monitoring devices, while real-time data from vehicles are collected through preinstalled sensors. Based on these data, a CPS model is constructed to depict real-time status and dynamic behavior of road segments and vehicles. An online learning data-driven model is developed to extract prior knowledge and enhance collaboration between road segments and vehicles by combining short-term traffic forecasting and real-time routing optimization. A case study based on Xi’an city is presented to demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed method, showing a reduction in the travel time with reasonable computation time, without much compromising the travel distance and fuel consumption. This work potentially strengthens the transparency and intelligence of urban traffic systems.

With the rapid advancement and widespread applications of information technology in the manufacturing shop floor, a huge amount of real-time data is generated, providing a good opportunity to effectively respond to unpredictable exceptions so that the productivity can be improved. Thus, how to schedule the manufacturing shop floor for achieving such a goal is very challenging. This paper addresses this issue and a new multiagent-based real-time scheduling architecture is proposed for an Internet of Things-enabled flexible job shop. Differing from traditional dynamic scheduling strategies, the proposed strategy optimally assigns tasks to machines according to their real-time status. A bargaining-game-based negotiation mechanism is developed to coordinate the agents so that the problem can be efficiently solved. To demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed architecture and scheduling method, a proof-of-concept prototype system is implemented with Java agent development framework platform. A case study is used to test the performance and effectiveness of the proposed method. Through simulation and comparison, it is shown that the proposed method outperforms the traditional dynamic scheduling strategies in terms of makespan, critical machine workload, and total energy consumption.

Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) has received increasing attention from both academia and industry. However, several challenges including excessively long waiting time and a serious waste of energy still exist in the IIoT-based integration between production and logistics in job shops. To address these challenges, a framework depicting the mechanism and methodology of smart production-logistics systems is proposed to implement intelligent modeling of key manufacturing resources and investigate self-organizing configuration mechanisms. A data-driven model based on analytical target cascading is developed to implement the self-organizing configuration. A case study based on a Chinese engine manufacturer is presented to validate the feasibility and evaluate the performance of the proposed framework and the developed method. The results show that the manufacturing time and the energy consumption are reduced and the computing time is reasonable. This paper potentially enables manufacturers to deploy IIoT-based applications and improve the efficiency of production-logistics systems.

Automated guided vehicles (AGVs) have been widely used in manufacturing and supply chain management for material handling. The efficiency of the material handling process has been the bottleneck of the production manufacturing. By applying maturing technologies such as sensing, cloud computing, and wireless communication, the efficiency and the reliability of the material delivery could be enhanced. In this paper, a cyber-physical system-based smart control model for shopfloor material handling is designed. In contrast to the traditional vehicle control methods, AGVs and base stations at intersections can communicate and interact with each other and share the real-time information online. Then, the smart control model, which consists of car-following model, overtaking model, and collision warning and avoidance model, is designed and developed. The presented model is demonstrated by a set of simulations and an experiment, which proved that the overall task completion efficiency and the utilization of the road are improved.

With the rapid advancement and widespread application of information and sensor technologies in manufacturing shop floor, the typical challenges that cloud manufacturing is facing are the lack of real-time, accurate, and value-added manufacturing information, the efficient shop floor scheduling strategy, and the method based on the real-time data. To achieve the real-time data-driven optimization decision, a dynamic optimization model for flexible job shop scheduling based on game theory is put forward to provide a new real-time scheduling strategy and method. Contrast to the traditional scheduling strategy, each machine is an active entity that will request the processing tasks. Then, the processing tasks will be assigned to the optimal machines according to their real-time status by using game theory. The key technologies such as game theory mathematical model construction, Nash equilibrium solution, and optimization strategy for process tasks are designed and developed to implement the dynamic optimization model. A case study is presented to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed strategy and method, and real-time scheduling for four kinds of exceptions is also discussed.

The increasing demand of customized production results in huge challenges to the traditional manufacturing systems. In order to allocate resources timely according to the production requirements and to reduce disturbances, a framework for the future intelligent shopfloor is proposed in this paper. The framework consists of three primary models, namely the model of smart machine agent, the self-organizing model, and the self-adaptive model. A cyber-physical system for manufacturing shopfloor based on the multiagent technology is developed to realize the above-mentioned function models. Gray relational analysis and the hierarchy conflict resolution methods were applied to achieve the self-organizing and self-adaptive capabilities, thereby improving the reconfigurability and responsiveness of the shopfloor. A prototype system is developed, which has the adequate flexibility and robustness to configure resources and to deal with disturbances effectively. This research provides a feasible method for designing an autonomous factory with exception-handling capabilities.

The recent developments of technologies in Internet of Things (IoT) provide the opportunities for smart manufacturing with real-time traceability, visibility, and interoperability in production planning, execution, and control. To fulfill this target, this work presents a real-time production performance analysis and exception diagnosis model (PAEDM). By this model, hierarchical-timed-colored Petri net (HTCPN) with smart tokens that change just like smart objects in practice is used to analyze the sensor data such that the critical performance information can be perceived. Decision Tree is used to diagnose exceptions from the critical production performance, so that persuasive qualitative and quantitative exception information can be extracted accurately. The presented method is demonstrated by a case study and simulation results show that PAEDM can be used to effectively analyze production performance and exceptions in real-time for dynamic and stochastic manufacturing processes.